Introduction to Chemical Solutions
Terms
Colligative Property
-
A property that depends only on the number of solute molecules in a solution
and not the identity of
the solute.
Concentration
-
The amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent.
Henry's Law
-
The solubility of a gas in a solvent is proportional to the partial pressure of
the gas above the solvent.
Mass Percent
-
The number of grams of solute divided by the number of grams of solution
multiplied by 100%.
Molar Equivalent
-
The number of molar equivalents depends on the reaction of interest.
For an acid-base reaction
the number of equivalents is the number of moles of acid or base needed to
fully neutralize the solute
of interest. Sulfuric acid is a diprotic acid, therefore, 1 mole of
sulfuric acid is 2 molar equivalents.
For a redox reaction, the number of molar equivalents is the number of
moles of electrons that one mole
of the solute can either donate or accept in the particular redox reaction
of interest.
Molality
-
The number of moles of solute divided by the number of kilograms of solvent.
Molarity
-
The number of moles of solute divided by the number of liters of solution.
Mole Fraction
-
The number of moles of solute divided by the total number of moles in solution.
Non-polar
-
A molecule with a low net dipole.
Normality
-
The number of molar equivalents of solute divided by the number of liters
of solvent.
Polar
-
A molecule with a large net dipole.
Solubility
-
The amount of a particular solute that can dissolve in a given amount of a
particular solvent.
Solubilities are generally listed in g / L.
Solute
-
A minor component of a solution.
Solution
-
A homogeneous mixture.
Solvent
-
The major component of a solution.
