Looping Constructs for One-Dimensional Arrays
Arrays are very easily used with looping constructs. This is due to the
fact that each location in the array has a number associated with it
and that these numbers increase by 1 from one element to the next.
In this section, we will introduce a few of the
looping idioms
commonly associated with arrays.
The simplest way to loop through all of the elements in an array is to
have a counter that starts with the initial value of zero (the index of
the first location in the array) and increments by one until it has
the value of the last location in the array (one less than the number
of elements in the array). For example, imagine we have an array of
grades, an integer counter, and a sharp-defined constant that holds the
number of grades in the array. If we want to determine what the average
grade is, we might use a loop as follows:
for (i = 0, total = 0; i < NUM_GRADES; i++) {
total += grades[i];
}
average = total / NUM_GRADES;
This loop accesses each location in the array exactly once and adds the
value at that location into a variable which is summing the total. The
average of all of the values in the array is then calculated by dividing
this total by the number of cells in the array. A similar loop can be
used in many cases in which you want to go through all of the elements in
the array.
