Operator  -  An operator is a special symbol that performs an action with one or more variables. Examples are the addition operator +, the extraction operator >>, and the not-equals logic operator !=.

Cin  -  The basic C++ input command, defined in the iostream.h header file. cin asks the user of the program to enter a value for some specified variable.

If-Statement  -  If-statements, or if/else statements, are lines of code that decide whether or not a piece of code should be executed, based on a test condition.

Test Condition  -  A test condition is a boolean expression that is usually used to branch the execution of the program.

Switch-Statement  -  A switch-statement is a statement that performs different actions based on the value of a variable.

Break  -  The break keyword is used to immediately exit from a loop or a switch statement.

Loop  -  A loop is a fragment of code that is repeated until a specified condition does not hold.

Default  -  The default keyword is used to provide code to a switch statement that is executed if none of the other cases are matched.