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Pointer
A variable that holds an address, or location in memory.
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Address
A location in the computer's memory.
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Pass by Value
The process by which a function receives a copy of a variable; the variable's value in the caller cannot be changed by the called function.
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Pass by Reference
Passing by reference means passing a variable's address to a function. By defining a function that accepts pointers, one gains the ability to change the parameter's value in the calling function (ie. outside the scope of the current function).
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Struct
A struct is a structure that groups together related variables, thus forming a new data type.
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NULL
A special pointer value that indicates that the pointer does not refer to a valid location in memory.
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New
The new operator tells the C++ compiler to allocate a space in memory that will host the specified variable type.
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Delete
The delete operator frees memory allocated with new.
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Array
An array is a basic data structure with a fixed number of elements. Arrays allow fast access to their elements using bracket notation.
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Index
The index of an array element is the element's number in the array. Indices begin at 0, so an array of size n will have indices from 0 to n - 1.
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Element
An element of an array is one of the values that the array holds.