SparkNotes: Review of Vitamins: Review Test

1. Megaloblastic anemia is caused by a deficiency of

(A) vitamin B12 and folate

(B) niacin and B12

(C) only B12

(D) thiamin and folate

2. Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin C?

(A) Provides reducing equivalents in biochemical reactions

(B) Involved in neurotransmitter synthesis

(C) Involved in the synthetic pathway of ATP

(D) Involved in collagen synthesis

3. Folic acid is absorbed primarily in the

(A) stomach

(B) small intestine

(C) ascending colon

(D) transverse colon

4. Pellagra is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

(A) dermatitis

(B) diarrhea

(C) dimentia

(D) deficiency of thiamin

5. Which vitamin is absorbed passively into the jejunum?

(A) thiamin

(B) niacin

(C) pyridoxine

(D) vitamin A

6. Another name for vitamin B12 is

(A) cobalamin

(B) pyridoxine

(C) riboflavin

(D) thiamin

7. Another name for vitamin B1 is

(A) cobalamin

(B) pyridoxine

(C) riboflavin

(D) thiamin

8. Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of

(A) riboflavin

(B) pyridoxine

(C) thiamin

(D) none of these

9. Absorption of which of the following vitamins is an active process (i.e. requiring energy)?

(A) niacin

(B) pyridoxine

(C) vitamin C

(D) none of these

10. The principle storage site for vitamin A in the body is the

(A) retina

(B) epithelial tissues

(C) liver

(D) kidneys

11. Epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between vitamin C supplementation and decreased risk of all of the following disease states EXCEPT

(A) skin cancer

(B) esophageal cancer

(C) pancreatic cancer

(D) stomach cancer

12. Which of the following vitamins is measured in International Units (IU)

(A) vitamin A

(B) vitamin C

(C) vitamin B6

(D) vitamin B12

13. Preformed vitamin A is found in

(A) animal sources

(B) plant sources

(C) all of these

(D) none of these

14. Thiamin deficiency is associated with

(A) degeneration of the myelin sheaths

(B) pernicious anemia

(C) Hartnup's syndrome

(D) hematopoiesis

15. Which of the following are good sources of vitamin A?

(A) liver

(B) yellow and green leafy vegetables

(C) eggs

(D) all of these

16. Which of the following is NOT a good source of vitamin C?

(A) citrus fruit

(B) grains

(C) green vegetables

(D) potatoes

17. Spontaneous abortions and birth defects have occurred with the consumption of

(A) 13-cis RA form of vitamin A

(B) alpha tocopherol

(C) 25-hydroxy vitamin D

(D) 1, 25-hydroxy vitamin D

18. Which vitamin is a constituent of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD)?

(A) niacin

(B) pyridoxine

(C) riboflavin

(D) thiamin

19. What vitamin is part of coenzyme that allows pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle?

(A) niacin

(B) pyridoxine

(C) riboflavin

(D) thiamin

20. Vitamin E is secreted from the liver in

(A) chylomicrons

(B) HDL

(C) LDL

(D) VLDL

21. Thiamin therapy is used

(A) to protect children from developing xerophthalmia

(B) to alleviate bone and joint pain

(C) to treat diarrhea

(D) in the treatment of alcoholics

22. The recommended amount of folic acid during pregnancy is

(A) 100 micrograms

(B) 1200 micrograms

(C) 400 micrograms

(D) 600 micrograms

23. Which vitamin is a constituent part of the enzymes FAD and FMN?

(A) folic acid

(B) niacin

(C) riboflavin

(D) thiamin

24. Which vitamin has recently been mandated to be added to grain products?

(A) folic acid

(B) niacin

(C) thiamin

(D) riboflavin

25. Supplemental vitamin E may be beneficial for

(A) cardiovascular disorders

(B) cataracts

(C) retinopathy in premature infants

(D) all of the above

26. In order to decrease free radicals vitamin C has the ability to

(A) accept protons

(B) accept electrons

(C) donate electrons

(D) none of these

27. Rickets is caused by a deficiency of

(A) vitamin A

(B) vitamin D

(C) vitamin E

(D) vitamin K

28. Who is the most susceptible to vitamin K deficiency?

(A) infants

(B) children

(C) adolescents

(D) elderly

29. Which of the following is needed for vitamin D production?

(A) vitamin C

(B) vitamin E

(C) UV-B radiation

(D) iron

30. 1,25, (OH) 2D is formed in the

(A) kidney

(B) liver

(C) skin

(D) small intestine

31. A precursor to niacin is

(A) serotonin

(B) tryptophan

(C) taurine

(D) dopamine

32. Intrinsic factor is needed for the absorption of

(A) folic acid

(B) thiamin

(C) vitamin C

(D) vitamin B12

33. The best source of vitamin B12 is

(A) grains

(B) meat

(C) nuts

(D) vegetables

34. Which vitamin is commonly given intramuscularly by a physician to prevent pernicious anemia?

(A) folic acid

(B) vitamin B12

(C) vitamin K

(D) vitamin D

35. What enzyme is involved in the conversion of propionic to succinic acid?

(A) methionine synthetase

(B) methtlmalonyl-CoA mutase

(C) protein kinase

(D) poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)

36. Which of the following is NOT classified as pyridoxine?

(A) pyridoxine

(B) pyridoxal

(C) pyridoxamine

(D) pyridoxalphosphate

37. Which of the following contains vitamin D naturally?

(A) bread

(B) cereal

(C) milk

(D) fish liver oils

38. Pyridoxine coenzyme pyridoxyl phosphate (PLP) is involved in

(A) neurotransmitter synthesis

(B) conversion of 1 (OH) 2D to 1,12 (OH) 2D

(C) carnitine synthesis

(D) DNA repair

39. Which food is NOT a good source of vitamin K?

(A) kale

(B) green tea

(C) orange

(D) spinach

40. Which of the following is NOT a cause of folic acid deficiency?

(A) inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables

(B) inadequate absorption due to gluten -induced enteropathy

(C) increased destruction due to excess of antioxidant supplementation

(D) none of these

41. Good sources of vitamin B6 include all of the following EXCEPT

(A) meats

(B) grains

(C) nuts

(D) dairy

42. Which vitamin can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria?

(A) vitamin A

(B) vitamin C

(C) vitamin E

(D) vitamin K

43. What is the best source of niacin?

(A) legumes

(B) milk

(C) meat

(D) yeast

44. Parathyroid hormone

(A) decreases reabsorption of calcium

(B) increases reabsorption of calcium

(C) decreases production of 1,25 (OH)D

(D) decrease the efficiency of calcium absorption at the small intestine

45. Which vitamin is needed for the synthesis of NAD and NADH?

(A) folic acid

(B) niacin

(C) riboflavin

(D) thiamin

46. IgG bonds readily to the free form of

(A) vitamin A

(B) vitamin C

(C) vitamin E

(D) riboflavin

47. The BEST source of riboflavin is

(A) grains

(B) green leafy vegetables

(C) milk

(D) meat

48. The form of vitamin K that is found in plants is called

(A) menaquinones

(B) phylloquinone

(C) quinones

(D) prothrombin

49. The natural form of vitamin E is designated

(A) d-alpha tocopherol

(B) l-alpha tocopherol

(C) dl-alpha tocopherol

(D) dl-beta tocerpherol

50. Vitamin K is needed for the production of

(A) FAD

(B) NAD

(C) prothrombin

(D) rennin