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Chapters XIX–XXII
Summary — Chapter XIX. I look about me, and make a
Discovery
David sets off on a monthlong journey to Yarmouth, to
the home of Peggotty and her family, to decide what profession to
pursue. He takes his leave of Agnes and Mr. Wickfield, and Doctor
Strong throws a going-away party in David’s honor. At the party,
Annie’s mother reveals that Jack Maldon has sent Doctor Strong a
letter in which he claims that he is ill and likely to return soon
on sick leave. But Annie has received another letter from Jack Maldon
indicating that he wants to return because he misses her.
The next morning, David leaves on the London coach and
tries to appear as manly as possible. Nonetheless, the coachman
asks him to resign his seat of honor to an older man. David spends
the evening at an inn, where the waiter pokes fun at his youthfulness
and the chambermaid gives him a pitiful room. David attends a play,
returns to the inn, and discovers Steerforth in a sitting room.
Steerforth is now attending Oxford but is bored by his studies and
is on his way home to see his mother. David and Steerforth are happily
reunited, and the inn staff immediately treat David with respect. Summary — Chapter XX. Steerforth’s Home.
Steerforth persuades David to stay a few days with him
at his mother’s house before going to Yarmouth. Steerforth nicknames David
“Daisy,” and the two of them spend the day sightseeing before going
to Steerforth’s home. There, David meets Mrs. Steerforth, Steerforth’s
widowed mother, and Rosa Dartle, Steerforth’s orphaned distant cousin
whom Mrs. Steerforth took in when Miss Dartle’s mother died. Mrs.
Steerforth is an imposing, older, more feminine version of Steerforth,
and she dotes on her son ceaselessly. Miss Dartle has a scar above
her lip from a time when Steerforth, as a child, threw a hammer
at her in anger. Miss Dartle views Steerforth’s and David’s words
and actions with sarcasm, but both young men are drawn to her. Summary — Chapter XXI. Little Em’ly.
If anyone had told me, then, that all this was a brilliant game, played for the excitement of the moment . . . in the thoughtless love of superiority . . . I wonder in what manner of receiving it my indignation would have found a vent! At Steerforth’s, David meets Littimer, Steerforth’s servant,
who frightens David because he is so haughty and respectable. David persuades
Steerforth to accompany him to Yarmouth to see Ham and Mr. Peggotty
again and to meet Peggotty and Little Em’ly. On his way to Peggotty’s,
David stops at Mr. Omer’s shop and sees Mr. Omer and his daughter,
who is now married to her sweetheart. Mr.
Omer tells David that Little Em’ly now works in his shop.
She is a good and diligent worker, but some of the girls in town
say she has earned a reputation for putting on airs and wanting
to be a lady. David decides not to see Little Em’ly until later,
so he continues on to Barkis’s house to find Peggotty.
Peggotty does not recognize David at first, but when she
does, she sobs over him for a long time. Mr. Barkis, ill but glad
to see David, opens his cherished money box and gives Peggotty some
money to prepare dinner for David. Steerforth arrives and entertains
Peggotty and David. In retrospect, the adult David muses that if
anyone had told him that night that Steerforth’s joviality and manners
were all part of a game to him, born from his sense of superiority,
David would have dismissed such an idea as a lie. When Steerforth
and David arrive at Mr. Peggotty’s house, they find everyone, including Mrs.
Gummidge, in a state of high excitement because Little Em’ly has
just announced that she intends to marry Ham. After they leave, David
delights in the good news, but Steerforth becomes momentarily and
inexplicably sullen. Summary — Chapter XXII. Some old Scenes, and Some
new People
While in Yarmouth, David visits his old home
and feels both pleasure and sorrow at seeing the old places. When
he returns late from one such visit, he finds Steerforth alone and
in a bad mood, angry that he has not had a father all these years
and that he is unable to guide himself better. Steerforth tells
David that he would rather even be the wretched Ham than be himself,
richer and wiser. After they leave, Steerforth reveals to David
that he has bought a boat to be manned by Mr. Peggotty in his absence, and
he has named it “The Little Em’ly.”
At the inn, David and Steerforth meet Miss Mowcher, a
loud and brash dwarf who cuts Steerforth’s hair as they gossip and
talk of Mr. Peggotty, Ham, and Little Em’ly. When David arrives
at Peggotty’s, where he is to stay for the night, he discovers Little
Em’ly and Ham with Martha, a woman who used to work at Mr. Omer’s
with Little Em’ly but fell into disgrace and came back to beg help
from Little Em’ly. After Martha leaves, Little Em’ly becomes very
upset and cries that she is not nearly as good a girl as she ought
to be. Analysis — Chapters XIX–XXII
The simple life at Yarmouth contrasts starkly with the
sophisticated life at Steerforth’s home. At Steerforth’s, characters
use their words and actions strategically to produce a desired effect.
Littimer, for example, speaks in such a convoluted manner as to
be completely opaque, while every one of Mrs. Steerforth’s actions
is motivated by her sense of propriety and self-possession. At Yarmouth,
on the other hand, characters say exactly what they mean and act
out of a desire for harmony with each other. The contrast highlights
the class distinction between the two families. The description
of the families contributes to Dickens’s overall message that wealth
and power do not correlate with good character, and that poverty
does not necessarily indicate bad character.
At home, Steerforth reveals that, at heart, he is slick,
egotistical, and vain, even though David still continues to deny
these tendencies in him. Mrs. Steerforth’s constant doting on her
son reinforces these tendencies in Steerforth and make his self-centered
nature understandable, if not justified. Though David is unaware
of Steerforth’s snobbery, Steerforth belittles David from the moment
they meet. Steerforth further demeans David by giving him the nickname “Daisy,”
but David still is too caught up in his worship of Steerforth to
see anything but his good qualities. Although Steerforth does demonstrate
some thoughtfulness at Yarmouth, as when he tells David that he
wishes he could be more focused, his self-reflective mood passes
as quickly as it appears. David ignores Steerforth’s insults, as
well as the fact that Mrs. Steerforth likes David only because he
adores her son. Even when Steerforth begins to confide in David
about his own insecurities, David views him as a superior being
in whom all faults are positive attributes. David’s idolization of
Steerforth makes him incapable of seeing the true nature of his false
friend, even when Steerforth’s bad side is most exposed.
David attains greater consciousness of romantic love as
his character develops. At this stage, David’s feelings of love
are still impetuous and adolescent. His frivolous infatuations mirror
many of the romantic relationships he sees in his life around him,
like that between Annie Strong and Jack Maldon. Although David’s
experience of love is not yet as deep as it is later in the novel,
he is increasingly aware of others’ romantic relationships. He observes
the affair between Jack Maldon and Annie Strong, as well as the
unfolding of the love affair between Mr. Orem’s daughter and her
sweetheart. As David awakens to romantic love, his narrative focuses
more and more on the emotional relationships between characters. |
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