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Chapters XXXI–XXXIV
Summary: Chapter XXXI
Lockwood, true to his word, travels to Wuthering Heights
to end his tenancy at the Grange. He brings young Catherine a note
from Nelly. Hareton first appropriates the note, but when Catherine cries,
he gives it back to her. He has been struggling to learn to read and
to acquire an education. Meanwhile, Catherine has been starving
for books, as Heathcliff confiscated her collection. Catherine mocks
Hareton’s struggles to learn, angering him, but she admits that
she does not want to hinder his education. Still, Hareton feels humiliated,
and he throws his books into the fire.
Heathcliff returns, and on entering the house, he notes
that Hareton has begun increasingly to resemble his aunt Catherine—so much
so that he can hardly bear to see him. Lockwood passes a cheerless
meal with Heathcliff and Hareton, and then departs the manor. As
he leaves, he considers what a bleak place it is, full of dreary
people. He muses further that it would have been like a fairy tale
for young Catherine had she fallen in love with him and left Wuthering
Heights for a more pleasant environment. Summary: Chapter XXXII
About six months later—Lockwood remained at the Grange
until late winter, 1802,
and it is now September, 1802—Lockwood writes
in his diary that he has traveled again to the vicinity of the moors.
There, he tries to pay a visit to Nelly at Thrushcross Grange, but
discovers that she has moved back to Wuthering Heights. He rides
to the manor, where he talks to Nelly and hears the news of the intervening
months. Zillah has departed Wuthering Heights, and Heathcliff has
given the position to Nelly. Catherine has admitted to Nelly that
she feels guilty for having mocked Hareton’s attempt to learn to
read. One day, Hareton accidentally shoots himself, and is forced
to remain indoors to recuperate. At first, he and Catherine quarrel,
but they finally make up and agree to get along. To show her good
will, Catherine gives Hareton a book, promising to teach him to
read and never to mock him again. Nelly says that the two young
people have gradually grown to love and trust each other, and that
the day they are married will be her proudest day. Summary: Chapter XXXIII
“. . . In every cloud, in every tree—filling the air at night, and caught by glimpses in every object by day, I am surrounded with her image!” At breakfast the morning after Catherine gives Hareton
the book, she and Heathcliff become embroiled in an argument over
her inheritance and her relationship with Hareton. Heathcliff seizes
her and nearly strikes her, but, looking into her face, he suddenly
lets her go—apparently having seen something in her eyes that reminds
him of her mother. Nelly speculates to Lockwood that so many reminders
of the dead Catherine seem to have changed Heathcliff. In fact, he
has confided to Nelly that he no longer has the desire to carry
out his revenge on young Catherine and Hareton. Summary: Chapter XXXIV
As time passes, Heathcliff becomes more and more solitary
and begins to eat less and less, eventually taking only one meal
a day. A few days after the incident at breakfast, he spends the
entire night out walking, and he returns in a strange, wildly ebullient
mood. He tells Nelly that last night he stood on the threshold of
hell but now has reached sight of heaven. He refuses all food. He
also insists that he be left alone—he wants to have Wuthering Heights
to himself, he says. He seems to see an apparition before him, and
to communicate with it, though Nelly can see nothing. Heathcliff’s
behavior becomes increasingly strange; he begins to murmur Catherine’s name,
and insists that Nelly remember his burial wishes. Soon, Nelly finds
him dead. She tells Lockwood that he has since been buried, and
that young Catherine and Hareton shall soon marry. They will wed
on New Year’s Day and move to Thrushcross Grange.
The young lovers now return to the house from outside,
and Lockwood feels an overpowering desire to leave. He hurriedly
exits through the kitchen, tossing a gold sovereign to Joseph on
his way out. He finds his way through the wild moors to the churchyard, where
he discovers the graves of Edgar, Catherine, and Heathcliff. Although
the villagers claim that they have seen Heathcliff’s ghost wandering
about in the company of a second spirit, Lockwood wonders how anyone
could imagine unquiet slumbers for the persons that lie in such
quiet earth. Analysis: Chapters XXXI–XXXIV
Unlike most Gothic romances, Wuthering Heights does
not build to an intense, violent climax before its ending; rather,
its tension quietly unravels as the inner conflict within Heathcliff
gradually dissipates, his love for Catherine eroding his lust for
revenge. Although the novel’s happy ending is not possible until
Heathcliff’s death, his influence has become an ever less menacing
one in the preceding days, and thus his demise does not constitute
a dramatic reversal of the book’s trends. As time passes, Heathcliff
becomes increasingly obsessed with his dead love, and he finds reminders
of her everywhere. He begins conversing with her ghost, and, after
his climactic night on the moors—a night that we do not see or hear
anything about, because Nelly was not there—a strange cheer comes
over him, a happy premonition of his own impending death. Because
he rejects all religious notions of the afterlife, Heathcliff does
not fear death. Although the text frequently likens him to the Devil,
he does not believe in Hell, and his forced religious education
as a child has caused him to deny the existence of Heaven. His lack
of religious belief leads him to refuse to allow Nelly to Christianize
his death by calling for a priest. Rather, for Heathcliff, the end
of life can mean only one thing: the beginning of his reunion with
Catherine.
As Heathcliff anticipates a union in the afterlife, young
Catherine and Hareton look forward to a shared life. Their love
for one another seems not only to secure happiness for the future,
but to redeem the miseries of the past. When young Catherine regrets aloud
her mockeries of Hareton, she redeems not only her own past sins,
but those of her mother, who behaved similarly toward Heathcliff—though
without remorse. For his part, Hareton represents a final renewal
for the manor of Wuthering Heights. He stands poised to inherit
the estate, where his name is carved over the entrance, inscribed
there by an earlier Hareton over three centuries before. Hareton’s
appropriation of the manor will signify the end of one cycle and
the beginning of another, his very name marking the entry into
a new era for Wuthering Heights. Finally, Catherine and Hareton together,
as a unit, represent a resolution of past troubles. Together, they
seem to manifest all of the best qualities of their parents and
merge the various conflicting aspects of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange
into a stronger whole. In essence, they embody the strength and passion
of Wuthering Heights without its doomed intensity, and the civility
and kindness of Thrushcross Grange without its cowardly snobbishness.
Joined through their loving bond, the two estates will constitute
a haven of warmth, hope, and joy. |
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