Both Freud and Piaget proposed stage-based models of development. Name the relevant
stages for each theorist. What are the major differences between the two theories? Are
there any similarities?
Harlow's studies on monkeys raised in isolation have been used to support
arguments that
there is a basic need in humans for emotional and social contact during childhood.
Summarize briefly the two studies by Harlow mentioned in the text and discuss their
relevance to this argument.
What was Bowlby's evolutionary rationale for caregiver attachment in infants?
Ainsworth's studies on attachment were carried out in the United States. Subsequent
studies have found that there are significant differences between cultures in the
proportion of children who are "securely attached" or "insecurely attached" according to
the Strange-Situation Test. Discuss how cultural differences might influence attachment.
Erikson was a psychodynamic theorist who rejected most of Freud's ideas about the
stages of development and the forces that drive it. Discuss the shared assumptions that
lie behind both his theory and Freud's. What are the crucial differences between them?
