SparkNotes: Review of Neuropsychology: Test for Neuropsychology

1. Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?

(A) dopamine

(B) epinephrine

(C) melanin

(D) seratonin

2. Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving signals?

(A) axon

(B) dendrite

(C) soma

(D) astrocyte

3. Which part of the neuron contains the organelles?

(A) axon

(B) dendrite

(C) soma

(D) vesicle

4. The initial depolarization of a neuron during an action potential is caused by:

(A) flow of potassium ions (K+) into the cell

(B) flow of sodium ions (Na+) into the cell

(C) flow of potassium ions (K+) out of the cell

(D) flow of sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell

5. Which brain structure is primarily responsible for forming new memories?

(A) primary motor cortex

(B) frontal lobe

(C) association cortex

(D) hippocampus

6. Which brain structure is primarily responsible for holding memories over the long term?

(A) primary motor cortex

(B) frontal lobe

(C) association cortex

(D) hippocampus

7. Which lobe contains the hippocampus?

(A) frontal lobe

(B) temporal lobe

(C) occipital lobe

(D) parietal lobe

8. Receiving and processing visual information is the primary responsibility of which lobe?

(A) frontal lobe

(B) temporal lobe

(C) occipital lobe

(D) parietal lobe

9. Which of the following structures developed most recently in evolution?

(A) frontal lobe

(B) parietal lobe

(C) hippocampus

(D) medulla

10. What three structures are included in the brainstem?

(A) medulla, striatum, pons

(B) striatum, pons, midbrain

(C) medulla, spinal cord, striatum

(D) midbrain, medulla, pons

11. What substance coats axons and acts as insulation for electrical signals?

(A) myelin

(B) guanine

(C) norepinephrine

(D) organelles

12. Which brain imaging methodology requires an injection of radioactive dye?

(A) fMRI

(B) PET

(C) EEG

(D) CT

13. What is released at the synapse to transmit a signal from one neuron to the next?

(A) mitochondria

(B) myelin

(C) neurotransmitters

(D) astrocytes

14. What are nodes of Ranvier?

(A) gaps in the myelin covering the axon

(B) bubbles filled with neurotransmitters

(C) places where an axon makes contact with a dendrite

(D) bumps in the cortex

15. Which supporting cells repair damaged neurons?

(A) oligodendrocytes

(B) astrocytes

(C) microglia

(D) Schwann cells

16. Just before they are released, neurotransmitters are stored in:

(A) endoplasmic reticulum

(B) vesicle

(C) Golgi body

(D) dendritic spine

17. Which zone of the hypothalamus is primarily responsible for regulating hormone secretion?

(A) medial

(B) temporal

(C) lateral

(D) periventricular

18. Which of the following structures is located closest to the spinal cord?

(A) brainstem

(B) frontal lobe

(C) hippocampus

(D) thalamus

19. Which of the following is NOT controlled by the brainstem?

(A) eating

(B) heart rate

(C) emotion

(D) balance

20. Which direction is the opposite of caudal?

(A) ventral

(B) rostral

(C) superior

(D) posterior

21. Which of the following processes is NOT meditated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic system?

(A) increasing heart rate

(B) increasing blood flow to skeletal muscles

(C) activating stores of energy in sugars and fats

(D) increasing digestive activity

22. A man with damage to his frontal lobes might do which of the following?

(A) experience fewer positive or negative emotions

(B) rage uncontrollably at his loved ones

(C) have trouble planning what to do next

(D) all of the above

23. Which of the following is a symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome?

(A) hypertension

(B) memory loss

(C) neglect of one side of the body

(D) repetitive scratching

24. What is the primary function of the secondary motor cortex?

(A) directing movements through nerves in the spinal cord

(B) regulating sleep patterns

(C) processing negative emotions

(D) mentally rehearsing actions

25. Which brain structure is responsible for the fear response?

(A) amygdala

(B) hippocampus

(C) frontal lobe

(D) primary auditory cortex

26. Grammar is processed which of the following:

(A) medulla

(B) Wernicke's area

(C) Broca's area

(D) prefrontal cortex

27. SSRIs modulate levels of:

(A) seratonin

(B) dopamine

(C) hormones

(D) blood flow

28. The initial peak in the voltage graph of an action potential is called:

(A) depolarization

(B) repolarization

(C) unpolarization

(D) nonpolarization

29. The impulse to shout obscene things at a dinner party is suppressed by the:

(A) temporal lobes

(B) common sense cortex

(C) brainstem

(D) frontal lobes

30. Which of the following is NOT a sensory area?

(A) primary auditory cortex

(B) primary motor cortex

(C) primary visual cortex

(D) somatic sensory cortex

31. The central sulcus lies between which two lobes?

(A) frontal and temporal

(B) parietal and occipital

(C) frontal and parietal

(D) temporal and occipital

32. Which of the following ions is involved in the action potential?

(A) nitrogen

(B) potassium

(C) fluorine

(D) uranium

33. Why do researchers study the squid's nerves?

(A) Because squid are so brave.

(B) Because squid's nerves transmit signals much more slowly than humans', making the action potentials easier to follow.

(C) Because squid are extremely cheap, and all animals' nerves are the same.

(D) Because squid's nerves are much larger than humans', making them easier to see and to study.

34. A(n) ________ neurotransmitter will make a neuron more likely to fire an action potential, while a(n) ________ neurotransmitter will make a neuron less likely to fire an action potential.

(A) inhibitory, excitatory

(B) excitatory, inhibitory

(C) excitatory, glutamic

(D) inhibitory, restrictive

35. Long-term potentiation refers to:

(A) the path that an action potential travels to reach the terminal bouton

(B) the decay of neurons over time

(C) the formation of memories in the strengths of connections between neurons

(D) the decrease in the amygdala's fear response with repeated exposure

36. The retina sends signals to the primary visual cortex via the:

(A) lateral geniculate nucleus

(B) lateral fissure

(C) periventricular nucleus

(D) hippocampus

37. Which area of the brain is damaged in a person with contralateral neglect syndrome of the left side?

(A) periventricular nucleus

(B) right motor cortex

(C) left parietal lobe

(D) right parietal lobe

38. Which lobe contains the primary visual cortex?

(A) occipital lobe

(B) parietal lobe

(C) frontal lobe

(D) thalamic lobe

39. Which of the following is NOT an organelle?

(A) mitochondria

(B) medulla

(C) Golgi body

(D) endoplasmic reticulum

40. To "ablate" an area in the brain means:

(A) to change it as a result of experience

(B) to make it nonfunctional

(C) to increase its speed of processing

(D) to take a picture of it at work

41. Which of the following is NOT true?

(A) The layout of the primary motor cortex can change due to patterns of use.

(B) An animal whose brainstem is separated from the rest of its brain can still walk.

(C) If the hippocampus is damaged, the thalamus can be used to form new memories.

(D) A person whose right visual cortex is damaged can still see out of part of the left eye.

42. Selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors work by:

(A) slowing the recycling mechanism of the presynaptic neuron

(B) loading more seratonin into each vesicle

(C) increasing the number of receptors on the postsynaptic neuron

(D) increasing the rate of seratonin release by the presynaptic neuron

43. The "fight or flight" response is directly activated by which system?

(A) parasympathetic

(B) sympathetic

(C) somatic

(D) digestive

44. Which of the following is NOT a supporting cell in the central nervous system?

(A) astrocyte

(B) oligodendrocyte

(C) leukocyte

(D) microglia

45. The Wisconsin Card Sort tests the function of which of the following?

(A) hippocampus

(B) spinal cord

(C) parietal lobe

(D) frontal lobe

46. Anterior is essentially a synonym for:

(A) up

(B) front

(C) down

(D) back

47. The somatic sensory cortex is located:

(A) on the postcentral gyrus

(B) on the precentral gyrus

(C) in the lateral fissure

(D) in the occipital lobe

48. Which of the following is NOT located in the temporal lobe?

(A) hippocampus

(B) amygdala

(C) Broca's area

(D) primary auditory cortex

49. The central nervous system consists of:

(A) the forebrain, the brainstem, and the spinal cord

(B) the diencephalon and the spinal cord

(C) the forebrain and the brainstem

(D) the diencephalon, the brainstem, and the spinal cord

50. Which of the following is NOT a structure in the brain?

(A) hippocampus

(B) hypothalamus

(C) hemisphere

(D) hippopotamus