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![]() Sentences must have parallel structure. That is, they
must start, continue, and end in the same way.
Lists
It’s especially common to find errors of parallelism
in sentences that list actions or items. If you list two gerunds,
don’t switch and list a noun; if you list two nouns, don’t switch
and list a phrase; and so on.
Ugly: Porter
never liked drinking wine, eating cheese, or cocktail parties.
• Porter never liked drinking wine, eating
cheese, or going to cocktail parties.
• Porter never liked wine, cheese, or
cocktail parties. Awkward: The
car is sleek, fast, and exhilarates whoever drives it.
• The car is red, sleek, fast, and exhilarating. If you’re writing a list in which the first item is
preceded by a preposition or an article, be consistent with the
rest of the list. Either leave out the following prepositions/articles
(it’s allowed) or include the prepositions/articles before every
item.
• Todd’s mother told him that he was
irresponsible, unthinking, and smug.
• Todd’s mother told him that he was
irresponsible, that he was unthinking, and that he was smug. either . . . or and company
Watch out for errors of parallelism when you use either
. . . or, neither . . . nor, both
. . . and, not only . . . but
also. The words on
either side of those equations must use parallel structure.
Awkward: Not
only did you insult me, but also my mother. • Not only did you insult me, but you
also insulted my mother.
• You insulted not only me but also my
mother.
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