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Ultimate Style. The Rules of Writing. Real Writers Need Rules.
Punctuation

 
Apostrophes
Uses
An apostrophe is used to show ownership or possession.
• Elaine’s tomato soup; the water’s source; the men’s outrage
An apostrophe is used to signal letter omission in contractions.
• Don’t tell me that I’m beautiful; it’s obvious enough.
Some people like to use an apostrophe plus s to make certain words and terms plural; others prefer to skip the apostrophe and just use s. For example, the New York Times writes CD’s when they’re talking about more than one CD; other newspapers just say CDs.
Both ways are correct; inclusion of the apostrophe is a matter of preference. Whichever way you choose, be sure to stay consistent.
• Todd introduced DJ Red on the ones and twos.
Add an apostrophe plus s to phrases to make them plural.
• I can’t bear to hear any more “without a doubt’s” from you!
Possessives
For most words, simply add an apostrophe and s.
• The men’s locker room is dirtier than the women’s.
Add an apostrophe plus s to the end of singular words that end in s.
• Yolanda read Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol.
• Massachusetts’s baseball team infuriated Boston fans for years.
• The boss’s tone seemed off.
The exception is words that end in an eez sound. Add an apostrophe only.
• Sophocles’ sandals gave him blisters.
Note that it is not incorrect to add just an apostrophe to all words that end in s.
Also OK: Yolanda read Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol.
Also OK: Massachusetts’ baseball team infuriated Boston fans for years.
Also OK: The boss’ tone seemed off.
We at SparkNotes prefer to be guided by pronunciation: since we hear an uhz sound at the end of class in class’s disappointment, we write the s.
Add an apostrophe to the end of plural words that end in s.
• We’re jealous of the Joneses’ new lawn mower.
• The stars’ light illuminated the path through the woods.
If two words are a unit, you need only one apostrophe plus s.
• Peanut butter and jelly’s main appeal is its combination of saltiness and sweetness.
• My mother and father’s house smells like orchids.
Be careful, though—sometimes two words appear to be a unit but are not. In those cases, each word gets an apostrophe plus s.
• Cynthia always sends flowers on her mother’s and father’s birthdays.
• Rand’s and Machievelli’s philosophies inspired the cruel man.

Confused about a particularly tricky apostrophe rule? Avoid the issue altogether! Don’t forget, you can always avoid a gruesome phrase like the Andrewses’ most famous song by substituting the most famous song of the Andrews sisters, or something similar. In a pinch, swap of for the troublesome apostrophe plus s, and you’re in the clear.


 
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Punctuation