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![]() A dash is a horizontal line of a punctuation mark—like
so. Dashes shouldn’t be confused with Hyphens,
which are shorter and have a
different function.
Basic Use
Dashes are used to set off explanations or related
thoughts.
• Everything—scraped knees, loud noises,
nightmares—makes Eloise cry.
• Nate insists on his rights as a senior—the
right to bully freshmen, for example.
• Sadie Hawkins Day, prom queens, powder
puff football games—this is the kind of prefeminist silliness our
school endorses.
Dashes are also used to set off quick pauses and interruptions.
• Maria looked stricken. “You—you can’t
go!” she said.
“But what about—”
Frederick cut me off, saying, “We can’t think about
that now.” Spaces
Do not use spaces either before or after dashes.
• Billy—you know, the freckly kid—smashed
a window again. Em Dashes and En Dashes
The technical name for a dash is em dash,
to distinguish it from the shorter en dash. (Back
in the day, em dashes were as long as a capital M and
en dashes were as long as a capital N.)
En dashes are used to indicate a stretch of time between
dates. Note that you should never match from with
an en dash instead of to, or between with
an en dash instead of and.
• Jack attended camp every summer from
1995 to 2000.
• At summer camp, 1995–2000, Jack learned
many annoying songs.
• Between March and April, the rich kids
went on skiing vacations.
• March–April is skiing season for the
rich kids.
Use an en dash when referring to someone still alive,
or something ongoing.
• Hugh Jackman (1968– )
• My high school career (2003– ) seems
interminable.
En dashes are also used to form compounds with two-word
or longer expressions.
• a pre–Civil War plantation
It is also acceptable to use hyphens, rather than en
dashes, for both date ranges and compounds.
• President Bill Clinton (1993-2001)
plays the saxophone.
• We crossed the New Mexico-Arizona border
on foot. Computer Use
In Microsoft Word, insert an em dash by clicking on
Insert, choosing Symbol, clicking on the Special
Characters tab, and then choosing Em Dash. You
can also insert an em dash by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Num-.
In Microsoft Word, an en dash may be inserted by clicking
on Insert, choosing Symbol, clicking on the Special
Characters tab, and then choosing En Dash. You
can also insert an en dash by pressing Ctrl + Num-.
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