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Ultimate Style. The Rules of Writing. Real Writers Need Rules.
Punctuation

 
Dashes
A dash is a horizontal line of a punctuation mark—like so. Dashes shouldn’t be confused with Hyphens, which are shorter and have a different function.
Basic Use
Dashes are used to set off explanations or related thoughts.
• Everything—scraped knees, loud noises, nightmares—makes Eloise cry.
• Nate insists on his rights as a senior—the right to bully freshmen, for example.
• Sadie Hawkins Day, prom queens, powder puff football games—this is the kind of prefeminist silliness our school endorses.
Dashes are also used to set off quick pauses and interruptions.
• Maria looked stricken. “You—you can’t go!” she said.
   “But what about—”
  Frederick cut me off, saying, “We can’t think about that now.”
Spaces
Do not use spaces either before or after dashes.
• Billy—you know, the freckly kid—smashed a window again.
Em Dashes and En Dashes
The technical name for a dash is em dash, to distinguish it from the shorter en dash. (Back in the day, em dashes were as long as a capital M and en dashes were as long as a capital N.)

If you overuse the dash, you will exhaust your readers. Some writers use dashes to cram three or four ideas into one sentence (The work of David Eggers—that most beloved writer of thirty-somethings—while highly entertaining, and certainly high-spirited—frantic, some would say—still sells remarkably well); some writers use them to indulge their own discursive thoughts; some writers use them because they are lazy and it is easier to compose one sprawling, dash-filled, dubiously organized sentence than it is to compose three tidy, logical sentences. If you fill your writing with dashes, you force your readers to stop and start, to back up and then plunge back into the sentence.

En dashes are used to indicate a stretch of time between dates. Note that you should never match from with an en dash instead of to, or between with an en dash instead of and.
• Jack attended camp every summer from 1995 to 2000.
• At summer camp, 1995–2000, Jack learned many annoying songs.
• Between March and April, the rich kids went on skiing vacations.
• March–April is skiing season for the rich kids.
Use an en dash when referring to someone still alive, or something ongoing.
• Hugh Jackman (1968– )
• My high school career (2003– ) seems interminable.
En dashes are also used to form compounds with two-word or longer expressions.
• a pre–Civil War plantation
It is also acceptable to use hyphens, rather than en dashes, for both date ranges and compounds.
• President Bill Clinton (1993-2001) plays the saxophone.
• We crossed the New Mexico-Arizona border on foot.
Computer Use
In Microsoft Word, insert an em dash by clicking on Insert, choosing Symbol, clicking on the Special Characters tab, and then choosing Em Dash. You can also insert an em dash by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Num-.
In Microsoft Word, an en dash may be inserted by clicking on Insert, choosing Symbol, clicking on the Special Characters tab, and then choosing En Dash. You can also insert an en dash by pressing Ctrl + Num-.

 
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Punctuation