SparkNotes: Oliver Cromwell: Review Test

1. Cromwell assumed what title in December 1653?

(A) Lord Protector of the British Republic

(B) King of England and Ireland

(C) Lieutenant-General of the Army

(D) Earl of Cambridgeshire

2. Why was Cromwell's marriage to Elizabeth Bourchier of importance to his career?

(A) Elizabeth's family connections to London leather merchants assured Cromwell the great respect of the nobility.

(B) Her father was a major figure in the House of Commons.

(C) She was related to several powerful English families, for example, the Barringtons.

(D) Elizabeth's Roman Catholicism gave Cromwell a means of meeting the royal family.

3. Which English monarch was beheaded in January 1649?

(A) James II

(B) Henry VIII

(C) Charles II

(D) Charles I

4. When Cromwell saw the beheaded Charles I on the scaffold, what is he reported to have remarked?

(A) "Thanks be to God"

(B) "Finally it ends"

(C) "The sins of the father shall be visited on the son"

(D) "Cruel necessity"

5. In what town was Cromwell born and raised?

(A) Cambridge

(B) London

(C) Huntingdon

(D) Drogheda

6. From which social class did Cromwell hail?

(A) Lesser, landed gentry

(B) Landed nobility

(C) Merchant class

(D) Tenant farmers

7. What was Cromwell's military rank by the end of the English Civil War?

(A) Lieutenant-General

(B) Commander-in-Chief

(C) Major-General

(D) Colonel

8. To which Protestant denomination did Cromwell belong?

(A) Presbyterian

(B) High Anglican

(C) Puritan

(D) Lutheran

9. Which sad event preceded Cromwell's death by a month?

(A) A famine that destroyed his family's farmlands

(B) The overthrow of the Protectorate by Royalists

(C) The death of his wife

(D) The death of his daughter Elizabeth

10. What was the name of Cromwell's brother-in-law, who was also a pivotal figure in the English Civil War and Irish expedition?

(A) John Pym

(B) Charles Stuart

(C) Lord Fairfax

(D) Henry Ireton

11. Cromwell was first elected to Parliament in what year?

(A) 1649

(B) 1640

(C) 1628

(D) 1653

12. What was the nickname of the parliament that Cromwell dissolved in 1652?

(A) The Rump Parliament

(B) The Long Parliament

(C) The Barebones Parliament

(D) The Royalist Parliament

13. What factor helped Cromwell in his rise to great political power in the 1650s?

(A) The support and control of the Army

(B) The general acceptance of his rule by the Royalists

(C) His alliance with Charles Stuart

(D) His commitment to a written constitution

14. What was NOT a driving factor in Cromwell's zeal to fight the Irish in 1649?

(A) His wish to exact revenge for the massacre of 1641

(B) His hatred for Roman Catholics

(C) His disillusionment with events in England

(D) His belief that Ireland might be the launching point for a Royalist invasion of England

15. Above all things, what was Cromwell's main goal as Lord Protector?

(A) To make England's military and navy the strongest on earth

(B) To prepare England for transition into a democratic republic

(C) To purge the government of all pro-monarchy forces

(D) To further the cause of the Reformation

16. What was Cromwell's opinion of the Levellers?

(A) That they were the truest champions of political justice in the country

(B) That their Royalist sentiments were a great nuisance to his reform plan

(C) That they were the best-disciplined unit in the New Model Army

(D) That their democratic principles posed a great threat to the well-being of England

17. What was Cromwell's view of religious tolerance?

(A) That it was a pernicious doctrine that threatened Puritan society

(B) That it should be extended to Roman Catholics

(C) That it was wise to grant it to members of Protestant minorities

(D) That it should be granted to people of all faiths, though gradually over time

18. How many parliaments did Cromwell call to session as Lord Protector?

(A) None

(B) One

(C) Four

(D) Two

19. When Parliament was not in session, what was the main governing body outside of Cromwell?

(A) The Council of State

(B) The Exchequer

(C) The House of Lords

(D) The hierarchy of the Church of England

20. Penruddock's Rebellion in 1655 was primarily an uprising of which faction?

(A) Royalists

(B) Levellers

(C) Disaffected Presbyterians

(D) Roman Catholics

21. Cromwell's life spanned which years?

(A) 1625–1660

(B) 1580–1653

(C) 1599–1658

(D) 1603–1675

22. Cromwell worked toward the unofficial re-entrance into England of which long- persecuted religious group?

(A) Scottish Presbyterians

(B) Roman Catholics

(C) Atheists

(D) Jews

23. What was the Western Design?

(A) A policy of land redistribution in the western counties England advocated by the Levellers

(B) The name given to Cromwell's Irish campaign of 1649

(C) A Roman Catholic conspiracy against the Protectorate

(D) Cromwell's colonial policy in America

24. Under Cromwell's rule, which of the following were women forbidden to do?

(A) Walk in public places unaccompanied by a gentleman

(B) Own property

(C) Dress in a fashion that could be seen as immodest

(D) Attend Puritan church services

25. What was the Humble Petition?

(A) A set of peace proposals offered to Cromwell by the Irish military leaders in 1651

(B) A letter Cromwell sent to Parliament asking them to unite behind the new regime

(C) An act of the Long Parliament that asked King Charles I to cease raising taxes

(D) A proposed constitutional settlement passed by Parliament in 1657

26. Why was Cromwell's education at Cambridge University cut short in 1617?

(A) His father died

(B) His parents refused to pay the tuition

(C) He decided he would rather attend Oxford

(D) An edict of the King banned Puritans from attending the universities

27. In the early 1650s, England was engaged in a war with which foreign power?

(A) The Swiss Confederation

(B) The Holy Roman Empire

(C) The Netherlands

(D) The Papal States

28. What was one reason that Cromwell had a difficult time getting the support of the landed gentry?

(A) They favored more democratic policies than Cromwell was willing to enact

(B) Many of them were Roman Catholics

(C) They were generally fervent Royalists in their political convictions

(D) They resented his use of a standing army to enforce his decisions

29. Which of the following was NOT a legal reform enacted by Cromwell's government?

(A) The reorganization of the Exchequer

(B) The legalization of civil marriages

(C) Piecemeal reform of local government

(D) The abolition of hereditary titles of nobility

30. How did the Barebones Parliament received its nickname?

(A) Cromwell's own nickname, "General Barebones"

(B) The scanty amount of reform acts that it passed

(C) One of its members, Praise-God Barebones

(D) A favorite London tavern where the ministers liked to gather in the evenings

31. What was done to Cromwell's grave after the Restoration of 1660?

(A) It became the site of a great monument to the Puritan Revolution

(B) Its stone was removed so that people would not know where his body lay

(C) It was desecrated, and his body was dug up and hanged publicly

(D) Nothing

32. How many children did Cromwell and his wife Elizabeth have?

(A) Four

(B) Two

(C) Eleven

(D) Eight

33. Who was Thomas Beard?

(A) The Irish military commander who Cromwell defeated at Drogheda

(B) A leader of the Royalist faction in Parliament before the Civil War

(C) Cromwell's boyhood tutor and a prominent Puritan minister

(D) Cromwell's brother-in-law

34. Who were John Pym and John Hampden?

(A) Leaders of a Leveller rebellion in 1651

(B) Cromwell's sons-in-law

(C) Royalist generals defeated in the Civil War by Cromwell's armies

(D) Leaders of the Puritan Parliamentary opposition to the King during the Long Parliament

35. Cromwell's army differed from past English armies in what way?

(A) It was the first to use gunfire

(B) It operated under a more lenient system of punishment for deserters, etc.

(C) Many of its officers were drawn from the lesser gentry rather than the nobility

(D) Its men were skilled in guerilla warfare

36. What was a main reform that Cromwell favored for the Church of England?

(A) More elaborate rituals and traditional liturgies

(B) A more rigidly hierarchical system of bishops and archbishops

(C) Allowing women to serve as ministers

(D) Abandoning forms and rituals similar to those of the Roman Catholic Church

37. Which proposal of the Humble Petition in 1657 caused Cromwell great anguish and indecision?

(A) It offered him the Crown of England

(B) The recreation of the House of Lords

(C) The abolition of all hereditary titles

(D) It suggested that he make Puritanism the official state religion

38. Why did Cromwell lead his army into Scotland in 1650?

(A) To crush the forces of Roman Catholicism which dominated the country's religious life

(B) He wished to retaliate against the Scots for a major massacre of Protestants that had occurred in that country

(C) Parliament wished unanimously to take over the country and unite it with England

(D) Charles Stuart had arrived there and his Royalist supporters threatened invasion

39. The last major battle of the English Civil War was fought where?

(A) Drogheda

(B) London

(C) Langport

(D) Cambridge

40. Cromwell's regiment in the English Civil War, made up mainly from men from nearby his home county, was given what nickname?

(A) "Ironsides"

(B) "Barebones Warriors"

(C) "Cavaliers"

(D) "Terminators"

41. Who succeeded Cromwell as Lord Protector in 1658?

(A) Charles Stuart

(B) Cromwell's brother-in-law Henry Ireton

(C) Cromwell's son Richard

(D) John Hampden

42. What major event preceded and was a necessary step toward Cromwell's elevation to Lord Protector in December 1653?

(A) Cromwell dissolved the Barebones Parliament

(B) The House of Lords acknowledged Cromwell's claim to rule the government

(C) King Charles I asked Cromwell to help him rule England

(D) There was a coup d'état in the Barebones Parliament

43. In 1647, Cromwell surprised Parliament by joining with the New Model Army to protest which grievance?

(A) Only noblemen were permitted to serve as army officers

(B) Parliament banned Puritans from serving in the armed forces

(C) The troops had not been given their pay for months

(D) The troops did not support the upcoming war with Spain

44. Before the later months of 1648, Cromwell's view of the monarchy can best be described in what way?

(A) It should be abolished immediately

(B) The Stuarts had a divine right to rule England

(C) It should become an elective institution, voted on by the people of England

(D) It was an essential institution that should be restored

45. How did Cromwell respond to Parliament's decision to try and execute King Charles I?

(A) He saw it as the culmination of everything he had been working toward in the government for months, including the abolition of the monarchy

(B) He objected strongly to the idea, urging his fellow ministers to reconsider

(C) He accepted it and committed to the proceedings energetically

(D) He left Parliament, refusing to participate in the proceedings

46. The original Council of State consisted of how many men?

(A) three

(B) 144

(C) 500

(D) ten