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The Dauphin
Summary
In 1428, Joan's "voices" commanded her to travel to Vaucouleurs, a
nearby fortress still loyal to the Dauphin. Knowing her parents would
forbid her to go, Joan lied to her parents and told them she was
leaving to help a neighbor's wife give birth. Joan found the captain
of the fortress and asked him to let her join the Dauphin. He did
not take the sixteen-year-old peasant girl seriously, however, laughing
at her and sending her home to Domremy. In 1429, Joan returned
to the fort at Vaucouleurs. For unknown reasons, the captain was
persuaded by her earnestness this time. On February 13, 1429, Joan
and her small military escort set out from Vaucouleurs to travel
to the Dauphin's castle at Chinon. Joan now began wearing men's
clothes to make herself less conspicuous as she traveled through
English-controlled territory.
When she arrived in Chinon, the Dauphin hesitated to see
Joan. But two days after her arrival at Chinon, the Dauphin finally
agreed to grant Joan an audience. According to legend, even though
the Dauphin had secretly hidden himself among his court for security reasons,
Joan immediately walked right up to him (though she had never seen
him before) and pledged to help him defeat the English and see
his coronation at Reims as France's true king. Charles sent Joan
to be interrogated by churchmen, since her claim to hear commands
from God smacked of possible heresy or witchcraft. For three weeks,
ecclesiastical experts questioned Joan at Poitiers.
Joan's greatest support in the Dauphin's court came from
the Duke of Alencon, who ultimately persuaded the Dauphin to take Joan
up on her offer. In April, at Tours, the Dauphin gave Joan command
of a small military unit, essentially giving her the military power
of a knight. She even had her own squire, Jean of Aulon, and her
own crest and banner, which were to remain inspirational symbols
to the Dauphin's forces over the next two years. Regarding her sword,
Joan's "voices" told her that a magical and holy sword would be
found in the Church of Saint Catherine of Fierbois. Indeed, a sword
was found there, and was given to Joan. Although it is unclear
exactly how many men Joan commanded, their numbers likely totaled
several hundred.
On April 27, 1429, Joan set out from Blois to reinforce
the Dauphin's troops at the Siege of Orleans. Orleans had been
under siege by the English since 1428. Joan and another of the
Dauphin's commanders named La Hire reached Orleans on April 29,
1429. La Hire said to wait for all the reinforcements to arrive,
and Joan initially obeyed, until she heard a new command from her
"voices." Commentary
By 1427, five years after his father had died and he had
taken over the reign, Charles still had not been officially crowned.
For this reason Joan continued to call him the "Dauphin" (the
name for the heir apparent to the French throne). The traditional
coronation place for French kings, where the container of sacred
anointing oil was stored, was the Cathedral at Reims. Reims, however,
was controlled by the allied armies of England and Burgundy, who
dominated Northern France in this period of the Hundred Years' War.
The coronation seems to have been a much bigger issue for Joan than
for most other people. The majority of the nation already called
Charles "King Charles VII". But it was in following her obsession
that Joan became a national symbol, helping to unify France and
ending of the Siege of Orleans.
Joan's white lies to her parents regarding her reasons
for departing from Reims contrasts with the traditional view of
Joan as the perfect and pure heroine. Here we see her as a willful
daughter resisting her parents' authority and deceptively sneaking
away from home to go on an adventure. Moreover, after taking up
arms, Joan began to make herself out in the most colorful and expensive
male garb she could find, contrary to the standard view of her as
the simple Christian warrior. Was this the result of vanity, or
was she considering how best to make a fearsome figure, a more
powerful political impact?
The Dauphin initially hesitated to receive Joan, whom
he initially suspected was crazy. Still, the Dauphin was desperate
for help and although his advisors disagreed over whether or not
to hear Joan, he eventually relented. Certainly he was a bit frightened
of the strange young woman, whose stories seemed to suggest witchcraft.
Fortunately for his own sake, however, the Dauphin decided to
use Joan as best he could. For her part, Joan, although several
years younger than the Dauphin, considered him so helpless as to
compare him to a "child" who needed her protection. |
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