Adenisine Triphosphate (ATP)
-
The molecule from which cells derive energy. Comprised of an adenisine molecule
bonded to three phosphates. Each phosphate bond contains energy, especially the
third bond. By breaking that one bond and reducing ATP to adenisine
diphosphate (ADP), the cell can get the energy to carry out its various
processes.
Electron transport chain
-
Term used to describe the flow of electrons generated by the oxidation of
NADH and FADH2. Responsible for establishing an electrochemical gradient across
the inner mitochondrial membrane that powers the synthesis of ATP in oxidative
phosphorylation.
Mitochondria
-
An organelle within the cell.
Most of the ATP needed for daily functioning is produced within its bounds
during the
citric acid cycle, the
electron transport chain,
and
oxidative
phosphorylation. .
Oxidation
-
A reaction that involves the overall loss of electrons from a specific molecule
or atom. Can occur with the addition of an oxygen or by the removal of a
hydrogen.
Oxidative phosphorylation
-
A process occurring in the intermembrane space of the
mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons to oxygen.
Proton translocating ATP synthase
-
The oxidative phosphorylation enzyme responsible for ATP synthesis;
harnesses the energy of electromechanical gradient created by the electron
transport chain.
Reduction
-
A reaction that results in the overall gain of electrons to a specific molecule
or atom. Can occur with the addition of a hydrogen atom or by the removal of an
oxygen atom.
