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1. The lipid bilayer is composed primarily of what two biological molecules?

(A) Sugars and fats

(B) Carbohydrates and proteins

(D) Sugars and proteins

2. Which of the following eukaryotic intracellular components are not organelles?

(A) Golgi apparatus

(B) Cytoskeleton

(D) lysosomes

3. What is the typical width of the lipid bilayer?

(A) 3 nanometers

(B) 5 nanometers

(D) 9 nanometers

4. Which of the following is the main component of the cytoplasm?

(A) Cytosol

(B) Cytosine

(D) Chlorophyll

5. Which of the following phrases best matches the definition of the term hydrophobic?

(A) "water-hating"

(B) "water-loving"

(D) "water-storing"

6. The cytosol composes up to what percent of a cell's volume?

(A) 10%

(B) 30%

(D) 90%

7. The term hydrophilic means which of the following?

(A) Repelled by water

(B) Insoluble in water

(D) Attracted to water

8. The function of the cytoskeleton is most similar to the function of what other cellular structure?

(A) Peroxisome

(B) Lipid bilayer

(D) Mitochondria

9. A molecule that has both polar and nonpolar regions is called ___________.

(A) Hydrophobic

(B) Hydrophilic

(D) Hydrated

10. The cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for __________.

(A) Cell shape

(B) Cellular energy

(D) Cell density

11. The most abundant class of lipids found in the lipid bilayer are the ___________.

(A) Phospholipids

(B) Glycolipids

(D) Liposomes

12. Which of the following are not a cytoskeletal protein filament?

(A) Actin

(B) Intermediate filaments

(D) Microtubules

13. What is the name of the process by which plant cells convert light energy into biological energy?

(A) Photosynthesis

(B) Photorespiration

(D) Oxidative phosphorylation

14. Which of the following is not a property of the lipid bilayer?

(A) Fluidity

(B) Impermeability

(D) Permeability

15. What is the name of the structure around which microtubules grow?

(A) Centers

(B) Matrices

(D) Centrosomes

16. Membrane proteins that cannot be easily removed from the cell membrane are called __________.

(A) Peripheral proteins

(B) Integral proteins

(D) Locked proteins

17. What organelle is responsible for carrying out photosynthesis?

(A) Mitochondria

(B) Nucleus

(D) Chloroplasts

18. Which of the cytoskeletal protein filaments has the largest diameter?

(A) Actin

(B) Intermediate filaments

(D) Microtubules

19. Membrane proteins that span the entire lipid bilayer are called __________.

(A) Membrane-spanners

(B) Integral proteins

(D) Transmembrane proteins

20. Which cytoskeletal filament is responsible for forming the nuclear lamina?

(A) Actin

(B) Intermediate filaments

(D) Microtubules

21. What configuration does a protein adopt when it crosses the lipid bilayer?

(A) Alpha-helical

(B) Beta-helical

(D) Delta-helical

22. Molecules done being processed in the ER are often transported to which structure?

(A) Peroxisomes

(B) Mitochondria

(D) Vacuoles

23. The face through which molecules enter the golgi apparatus is called the __________ face.

(A) Cis

(B) Trans

(D) Dorsal

24. Which cytoskeletal protein filaments line the cell membrane?

(A) Actin

(B) Intermediate filaments

(D) Microtubules

25. Which of the following is not a common destination of vesicles secreted from the golgi apparatus?

(A) Lysosome

(B) Cell membrane

(D) Mitochondria

26. Which of the following best describes the properties of a lipid-bound protein?

(A) Having its tail-end attached to the lipid bilayer

(B) Having its head-end attached to the lipid bilayer

(D) Being loosely associated with the lipid bilayer

27. Which of the following eukaryotic organelles is primarily responsible for celluar digestion?

(A) Nucleus

(B) Lysosome

(D) Golgi apparatus

28. Which of the following is the largest organelle in eukaryotic cells?

(A) ER

(B) Golgi apparatus

(D) Nucleus

29. Which of the following is not a specialized plant cellular structure?

(A) Lysosome

(B) Cell wall

(D) Vacuole

30. What is the name of the organelle that helps mediate endocytosis and exocytosis?

(A) Vacuole

(B) Peroxisome

(D) Endosome

31. What is the name of the carbohydrate coat found on the outside of the lipid bilayer of higher- order cells cells?

(A) Glycosylation

(B) Glycocalyx

(D) Glutamine

32. What structure in plants replaces the function that the mitochondria performs in animal cells?

(A) Vacuole

(B) Cytoskeleton

(D) Nucleus

33. In eukaryotes, the cell nucleus composes what fraction of the total cell volume?

(A) 10%

(B) 15%

(D) 25%

34. What is the name of the process by which molecules naturally flow from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?

(A) Respiration

(B) Transfusion

(D) Diffusion

35. Which of the following organelles do not contain a double-membrane?

(A) Nucleus

(B) Lysosome

(D) Chloroplasts

36. Membrane transport that occurs without the input of extra energy can be classified as what type of transport?

(A) Passive

(B) Active

(D) Inhibitory

37. The cell nucleus is not found in direct contact with which of the following cellular structures?

(A) Cytosol

(B) Cytoskeleton

(D) Mitochondria

38. Membrane transport that requires the input of additional enery is called _________.

(A) Passive

(B) Active

(D) Inhibitory

39. What is the name of the inner-most space in a mitochondrial cell?

(A) Matrix

(B) Intermembrane space

(D) Chlorophyll

40. Membrane proteins that mediate active transport are generally __________.

(A) Lipid-bound proteins

(B) Ionophores

(D) Carrier proteins

41. What is the main function of the mitochondria?

(A) Molecular digestion

(B) DNA storage

(D) Enery-producer

42. The mitochondrial matrix is analogous to which structure in plant chloroplasts?

(A) Stoma

(B) Intermembrane space

(D) Vacuole

43. Membrane proteins that mediate passive transport are generally _________.

(A) Lipid-bound proteins

(B) Ionophores

(D) Carrier proteins

44. Which eukaryotic organelle contains oxidizing enzymes?

(A) Lysosome

(B) Peroxisome

(D) ER

45. What is a typical thickness for a cell wall?

(A) 50 nanometers

(B) 50 micrometers

(D) 10 micrometers

46. __________ are a class of membrane proteins that increase a cell's permeability to certain ions.

(A) Lipid-bound

(B) Ionophores

(D) Carrier proteins

47. __________ endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to its outer membrane.

(A) Smooth

(B) Spiked

(D) Cytoskeletal

48. Vacuoles can occupy up to what percent of plant cells?

(A) 90%

(B) 75%

(D) 25%

49. Membrane transport is important for which of the following biological processes?

(A) Protein synthesis

(B) Cell communication

(D) All of the above

50. The ER plays a major role in the processing of which of the following biological molecules?

(A) Carbohydrates

(B) Proteins

(D) DNA

51. Which of the following is not a normal function of plant cell vacuoles?

(A) Cellular digestion

(B) Space-filling

(D) Storage

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