Extragenic supression - A type of mutation that occurs outside of the genetic code, but has an effect on the amino acid sequence that is translated from the genetic code.

Frameshift mutation - One class of genetic code mutation that results from the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide to an mRNA sequence. Results in a new reading frame.

Genetic Code - The series of codons that make up an organism's DNA.

Intragenic suppression - A type of mutation that occurs within the genetic code to suppress a different mutation.

Missense mutation - One class of genetic code mutation that results from the substitution of one base group for another in a codon. Results in the change of the amino acid for which the codon specifies.

Mutation - An error in the genetic code caused most often by a the incorrect substitution, insertion, or deletion of a nucleotide.

Nonsense mutation - One class of genetic code mutation that results from the substitution of one base group for another in a codon. Results in a stop codon, a codon that can no longer be recognized by tRNA molecules.

Reading frame - One of three possible ways of grouping an mRNA sequence by threes to yield an amino acid sequence.

Silent Mutation - A substitution base mutation that changes a codon, but because of degeneracy does not change the amino acid that codon specifies.

Stop codon - A codon that is not recognized by a tRNA molecule. One of three codons: UAA, UAG, or UGA. Signals the termination of DNA translation.

Suppressor mutation - A type of genetic code mutation that alters the result of a different mutation. Can be either extragenic or intragenic.

Synonyms - Codons that code for the same amino acid.

True reversion - One type of suppression mutation that leads to the restoration of the natural genetic code sequence.

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The Genetic Code