No Fear Translations of Shakespeare’s plays (along with audio!) and other classic works
Flashcards
Mastery Quizzes
Infographics
Graphic Novels
AP® Test Prep PLUS
AP® Practice & Lessons
My PLUS Activity
Note-taking
Bookmarking
Dashboard
Annual
$22.49/month + tax
Save
25%
on 2-49 accounts
Annual
$20.99/month + tax
Save
30%
on 50-99 accounts
Focused-studying
Ad-free experience
Study Guides for 1,000+ titles
Full Text content for 250+ titles
PLUS Study Tools
No Fear Translations of Shakespeare’s plays (along with audio!) and other classic works
Flashcards
Mastery Quizzes
Infographics
Graphic Novels
AP® Test Prep PLUS
AP® Practice & Lessons
My PLUS Activity
Note-taking
Bookmarking
Dashboard
Testimonials from SparkNotes
Customers
No Fear
provides access to Shakespeare for students who normally couldn’t (or wouldn’t) read his plays.
It’s also a very useful tool when trying to explain Shakespeare’s wordplay!
Erika M.
I
tutor high school students in a variety of subjects. Having access to the literature
translations helps me to stay informed about the various assignments. Your summaries and
translations are invaluable.
Kathy B.
Teaching Shakespeare to today's generation can be challenging. No Fear helps a ton with
understanding the crux of the text.
Kay
H.
Testimonials from SparkNotes Customers
No Fear provides access to Shakespeare for students who normally couldn’t (or wouldn’t) read his plays. It’s also a very useful tool when trying to explain Shakespeare’s wordplay!
Erika M.
I tutor high school students in a variety of subjects. Having access to the literature translations helps me to stay informed about the various assignments. Your summaries and translations are invaluable.
Kathy B.
Teaching Shakespeare to today's generation can be challenging. No Fear helps a ton with understanding the crux of the text.
Kay H.
Create Account
Select Plan
3
Payment Info
4
Start 7-Day Free Trial!
Payment Information
You will only be charged after the completion of the 7-day free trial.
If you cancel your account before the free trial is over, you will not be charged.
You will only be charged after the completion of the 7-day free trial. If you cancel your account before the free trial is over, you will not be charged.
Order Summary
Annual
7-day Free Trial
SparkNotes PLUS
$29.99 / year
Annual
Quantity
51
PLUS Group Discount
$29.99 $29.99 / seat
Tax
$0.00
SPARK25
-$1.25
25% Off
Total billed on Nov 7, 2024 after 7-day free trail
$29.99
Total billed
$0.00
Due Today
$0.00
Promo code
This is not a valid promo code
Card Details
By placing your order you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy.
By saving your payment information you allow SparkNotes to charge you for future payments in accordance with their terms.
Powered by stripe
Legal
Google pay.......
Welcome to
Thank You!
Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their membership. They will be prompted to log into an existing account or to create a new account.
All members under 16 will be required to obtain a parent's consent sent via link in an email.
Your Child’s Free Trial Starts Now!
Thank you for completing the sign-up process. Your child’s SparkNotes PLUS login credentials are [email] and the associated password.
If you have any questions, please visit our help center.
Your Free Trial Starts Now!
Please wait while we process your payment
Parent’s Email is Required
A parent must help manage your account. Enter their email below and we’ll send them a link to finish signing
up for SparkNotes PLUS.
We’ve sent an email to parentsname@email.com. In
order to access SparkNotes PLUS, your parent must click the link provided in the email.
We’ve sent an email to parentsname@email.com. In order to access
SparkNotes PLUS, your parent must follow the link provided in the email to complete the sign-up process.
If two bonds define two line segments, then they are antiperiplanar if they are
antiparallel in the plane they define. It's much easier to see antiperiplanar
bonds than it is to explain them. In the following diagram, the C-H and C-LG
bonds are antiperiplanar:
E2 reactions require an antiperiplanar β-hydrogen.
Aprotic
A solvent that is not a hydrogen bond donor.
Backside Attack
The SN2 mechanism in which the nucleophile attacks the
α-carbon from a direction directly opposite
to the C-LG bond. Results in inversion of stereochemical configuration.
β-carbon
The carbon(s) adjacent to the α-carbon.
β-elimination
A mechanism that involves the removal of a beta-
hydrogen. All E2 reactions are
β-eliminations.
β-hydrogen
The hydrogen(s) attached to the β-carbon.
Bimolecular
Involving two molecules. In this SparkNote, the term bimolecular is used to
refer to
SN2 and E2 reactions. The rate-limiting transition
states of both
reactions involve two molecules.
Carbocation
A carbon that carries a positive charge. Carbocations are highly unstable and
are prone to
rearrangement. SN1 and E1 reactions proceed through
a common
carbocation intermediate.
Concerted
A single step mechanism. The SN2 and E2 mechanisms are
concerted.
E1
A reaction where a β-hydrogen is Eliminated to form a double
bond.
E1 reactions go through a carbocation intermediate. Somewhat
similar to the
E2 reaction.
E2
An E2 reaction in which a β-hydrogen and a leaving group are
removed to form a double bond. The reaction is so named because it is
bimolecular (2 molecules) and because it involves the Elimination
of a β-hydrogen.
Frontside attack
A disproved SN2 mechanism in which the
nucleophile attacks the α-
carbon from the same side as the C-LG bond. If this
mechanism was valid, it would result in retention of stereochemical
configuration. See backside attack.
Intramolecular
A reaction that involves groups attached to the same molecule. Contrast with
the intermolecular reaction, which takes place between groups on two different
molecules.
Leaving Group
The group that leaves in a substitution or elimination reaction.
Nucleophile
A group characterized by it's SN2 reactivity. Good
nucleophiles tend to be good bases, though they need not be. A nucleophile
has a lone pair of electrons which makes up the business
end of the molecule. See the
nucleophilicity section.
Protic
A solvent that is a hydrogen bond donor.
Rate
The speed of a reaction. Often measured in moles per second.
Rate law
A mathematical equation that relates the rate of a reaction to the concentration
of its reactants. For a generic reaction:
X + Y → Z
The rate law is expressed as:
rate = k [X]a [Y]b
Rate-limiting step
The slowest step in a reaction that determines the overall rate.
Reaction order
In the rate law, the value of "a" and "b" for reactants "X" and "Y,"
respectively. The overall order of a reaction is the sum of "a" and "b" and
tells how many molecules of reactant are involved in the transition state of the
rate-limiting step.
Reaction intermediate
An intermediary molecule that accumulates in negligible quantities during a
reaction.
SN2
A SN2 reaction is a bimolecular (2 molecules) reaction
involving the Substitution of a
Nucleophile for a leaving group. See the SN2
section.
SN1
A reaction in which a Nucleophile Substitutes for a leaving
group.
SN1. It goes through a carbocation intermediate.
Saytzeff's rule
Saytzeff's rule states that an E2 reaction will preferentially form
the most stable alkene isomer. Alkene stability generally increases with
branching at the alkene carbons.
Secondary
A secondary carbon has bonds to two other carbons.
Tertiary
A tertiary carbon has bonds to three other carbons.
Transition state
An extremely unstable molecule that forms between the reactants and their
intermediates/products. A transition state exists at the peaks of an energy
diagram, in contrast to intermediates and products, which form in the troughs.
The âá symbol and brackets denote a transition state structure. The
number of reactant molecules present in the rate-limiting transition state is
equal to the reaction order.
Unimolecular
Involving one molecule. This term is used synonymously with the E1
and SN1 reactions in this SparkNote. The rate-limiting transition
states of both mechanisms involve one molecule.
Did you know you can highlight text to take a note?x
Please wait while we process your payment
Unlock your FREE SparkNotes PLUS trial!
Unlock your FREE Trial!
Sign up and get instant access to creating and saving your own notes as you read.
Ad-free experience
Study Guides for 1,000+ titles
Full Text content for 250+ titles
No Fear Translations of Shakespeare’s plays (along with audio!) and other classic works
Flashcards
Mastery Quizzes
Infographics
Graphic Novels
AP® Practice & Lessons
Note-taking
Bookmarking
Dashboard
