Chromium
Function
Chromium facilitates the binding of insulin to cell membranes, thus playing a
crucial role in promoting normal glucose tolerance.
Absorption and Excretion
Chromium is absorbed in small amounts in the intestine. It is transported by
transferrin primarily to the bone. Vitamin C has been shown to enhance uptake
of chromium. Chromium is excreted in the feces.
Clinical Conditions
Chromium deficiency has been seen in hospitalized patients who did not receive
supplemental chromium in their total parental nutrition. Stress, such as in
trauma, has been shown to increase excretion of chromium.
Recommended Intake
The estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake of chromium is in the range
of 50 to 200 mcg for adults. For infants the safe dosage ranges from 10 to 60
mcg per day and for children, 20 to 200.
Food Sources
Whole grains, cereals, and processed meats are good sources of chromium.
Supplementation
Chromium in the form of chromium picolinate has been used by weightlifters for
muscle building, and as a weight loss agent. Research has not consistently
substantiated its proclaimed effects on muscle mass or body fat. Supplemental
doses are usually in the range of 400 to 600 mcg per day.
Toxicity of chromium has not been a clearly documented problem. It has been
proven that high exposure to chromium in stainless steel welders is associated
with pulmonary cancer.
