SparkNotes: The Great Depression (1920

1. All of the following were causes of the Great Depression except

(A) Poor banking practices

(B) Depressed precious metal prices

(C) European countries' inability to pay their debts

(D) Overproduction in factories and on farms

2. The “Bonus Army” marched on Washington, D.C., to pressure Congress to

(A) Pay World War I veterans their army pensions early

(B) Pass the Norris–La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act to protect organized labor

(C) Dole out federal aid to the homeless and depressed living in “Hoovervilles”

(D) Help destitute farmers survive in the Dust Bowl region

3. How did Herbert Hoover believe that the economy could be revived?

(A) Through government intervention to directly assist the poor

(B) By supporting industry in the hopes that federal dollars at the top would “trickle down” to the poorest Americans

(C) By forcing Britain and France to repay their war debts

(D) By shifting the base of the economy away from heavy industry toward the production of consumer goods

4. Why did topsoil turn to a fine layer of infertile dust in the Dust Bowl region of the United States?

(A) Tornadoes had ravaged the region

(B) The area was poorly irrigated

(C) Farmers had not planted soil-replenishing crops

(D) All of the above

5. Franklin Delano Roosevelt won a landslide victory in 1932 because Americans

(A) Were dissatisfied with Hoover's “ride-it-out” policy

(B) Distrusted Hoover after the “Battle of Anacostia Flats”

(C) Wanted more direct federal assistance

(D) All of the above

6. The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was not different from the Klan of the nineteenth century in that

(A) The KKK of the 1920s was also anti-Jewish

(B) The KKK of the 1920s was also anti-black

(C) The KKK of the 1920s was also anti-immigration

(D) All of the above

7. What prompted the 1919–1920 Red Scare in the United States?

(A) Eugene V. Debs and the rise of the Socialist Party

(B) The 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia

(C) The influx of southern and eastern European immigrants to the United States

(D) All of the above

8. The Eighteenth Amendment

(A) Gave women the right to vote

(B) Allowed Americans to elect U.S. senators directly

(C) Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol

(D) Ended Prohibition

9. In which U.S. election were women first allowed to vote?

(A) 1920

(B) 1924

(D) 1932

10. The Emergency Quota Act severely reduced immigration from

(A) Northern Europe

(B) Southern and eastern Europe

(C) Ireland and Germany

(D) Latin America

11. What did the Immigration Act of 1924 do?

(A) Increased national immigration quotas from their 1921 levels

(B) Decreased national immigration quotas from their 1921 levels

(C) Forbade Latin Americans from entering the United States

(D) Forbade Chinese immigrants from entering the United States

12. The Scopes Monkey Trial illustrated the heated debate between

(A) Christian fundamentalists and those who believed in natural selection

(B) Democrats and Republicans regarding immigration

(C) The wets and the drys regarding Prohibition

(D) Liberals and conservatives regarding the New Deal

13. What caused the so-called Roosevelt Recession of 1937?

(A) Overspeculation in western lands

(B) Germany's inability to repay war reparations to Britain and France

(C) Overspending

(D) The U.S. government's overly hasty retreat from deficit spending

14. What did the 1939 Hatch Act do?

(A) Reduced the exorbitantly high tax on foreign goods under the Smoot-Hawley Tariff

(B) Further reduced immigration

(C) Barred federal officials from participating in political campaigns

(D) Helped farmers by paying them to burn surplus crops

15. The Five-Power Naval Treaty of 1922 reflected

(A) America's unwillingness to remain overinvolved in international affairs

(B) Harding's interest in protecting American territorial possessions in the Pacific

(C) Japan's willingness to scale down military operations in Asia

(D) Europe's willingness to uphold the Open Door policy in China

16. The Dawes Plan

(A) Outlawed tribal ownership of Native American lands

(B) Revitalized the financial sector of the American economy in 1933–1934

(C) Outlined Roosevelt's three-step program to provide relief, recovery, and reform to end the depression

(D) Rescheduled Germany's war reparation payments to Britain and France

17. Henry Ford changed industrial America by perfecting a method of

(A) Building machines with interchangeable parts

(B) Vertical integration

(C) Horizontal integration

(D) Assembly-line production

18. Why did more and more Americans move out of the cities and into the suburbs in the 1920s?

(A) Cars allowed them to commute

(B) Costs of living in the city soared to unprecedented heights

(C) Cities grew increasingly dangerous due to the rise of organized crime

(D) Americans feared the influx of southern and eastern European immigrants

19. Warren G. Harding's administration and personal reputation were tainted by

(A) The convictions of Sacco and Vanzetti

(B) The Scopes Monkey Trial

(C) The Teapot Dome scandal

(D) The Crash of 1929

20. The Twenty-First Amendment

(A) Gave women the right to vote

(B) Allowed Americans to elect U.S. senators directly

(C) Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol

(D) Ended Prohibition

21. What did the Fordney-McCumber Tariff do?

(A) Sparked a tariff war between the United States and Western Europe

(B) Drove the tariff rate up to nearly 40 percent

(C) Stifled the European economy

(D) All of the above

22. The tax on foreign goods under the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930

(A) Was higher than it was under the Fordney-McCumber Tariff of 1922

(B) Was lower than it was under the Fordney-McCumber Tariff

(C) Was the same as the Fordney-McCumber Tariff

(D) Sparked the Great Depression

23. Attacks from critics such as Huey P. Long and Father Charles Coughlin were partly responsible for

(A) The Civilian Conservation Corps

(B) The Second New Deal

(C) Prohibition

(D) The Good Neighbor Policy

24. To which act was the Wagner Act most similar?

(A) The Hatch Act

(B) The Fair Labor Standards Act

(C) The Norris–La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act

(D) The Esch-Cummins Transportation Act

25. One unintended consequence of Prohibition was

(A) A rise in organized crime

(B) Class riots in New York and Chicago

(C) A rise in the sale and consumption of tobacco

(D) Republican losses in the congressional elections of 1926

26. What did Hoover's Reconstruction Finance Corporation do?

(A) Distributed government funds directly to the poorest Americans during the depression

(B) Paid farmers to burn surplus crops to raise agricultural commodity prices

(C) Loaned money to corporations, banks, and the states

(D) Distributed money to victims of the Dust Bowl

27. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 replaced

(A) The Dawes Plan

(B) The Dawes Severalty Act

(C) The Hatch Act

(D) The Norris–La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act

28. The election of 1936

(A) Returned the White House to Republicans

(B) Demonstrated that Americans' support for Roosevelt was waning

(C) Had one of the lowest voter turnouts in history

(D) Proved that Americans wholeheartedly supported the New Deal

29. What did the Fair Labor Standards Act do?

(A) Outlawed workers' right to strike

(B) Established the forty-hour workweek and a minimum wage

(C) Created the Congress of Industrial Workers

(D) Upheld workers' right to strike

30. The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act subsidized farmers to

(A) Grow only wheat and corn in order to curb nationwide hunger

(B) Grow cotton to sell in Europe

(C) Plant soil-replenishing crops such as soybeans

(D) All of the above

31. Economist John Maynard Keynes believed that depressed economies could be jump-started by

(A) Deficit spending

(B) Printing more paper money

(C) Taking the nation off the gold standard

(D) Protecting organized labor

32. Most New Deal legislation in the First Hundred Days was passed to

(A) Provide immediate relief

(B) Put the economy on the road to long-term recovery

(C) Initiate reforms to prevent another depression

(D) All of the above

33. Hoover's attempts to end the depression differed from Roosevelt's methods in that

(A) Hoover pumped money into the economy by creating new jobs and welfare programs, whereas Roosevelt merely tried to prop up failing corporations and banks

(B) Roosevelt pumped money into the economy by creating new jobs and welfare programs, whereas Hoover merely tried to prop up failing corporations and banks

(C) Hoover tried to help farmers first, whereas Roosevelt wanted to help factory workers first

(D) Hoover thought the federal government should assume control of all banks in the country, whereas Roosevelt believed that richer Americans should pay heavier taxes in order to redistribute wealth more evenly

34. How did the New Deal assist farmers?

(A) By subsidizing them to cut back production

(B) By subsiding them to plant soil-enriching crops

(C) By artificially inflating agricultural prices

(D) All of the above

35. All of the following were consequences of the Tennessee Valley Authority except

(A) It spawned a flurry of dam-building throughout the West

(B) It brought electricity and modernization to one of the nation's poorest regions

(C) It convinced Republicans that deficit spending on social welfare programs could have huge benefits

(D) It provided almost full employment in the Tennessee River valley

36. Congress passed or created all of the following in 1933 as part of the First New Deal except

(A) The Public Works Administration (PWA)

(B) The Social Security Act

(C) The Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)

(D) The Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC)

37. The CCC, the PWA, the CWA, and the WPA all were similar in that they all were

(A) Created to reform the financial sector of the economy to prevent another depression

(B) Created under the First New Deal

(C) Created to provide immediate economic relief

(D) Shot down by the Supreme Court only a few years after their creation

38. Roosevelt reformed the banking and financial sectors of the economy in all of the following ways except

(A) Providing insurance for all savings account deposits up to $5,000

(B) Putting the United States on the silver standard

(C) Taking the United States off the gold standard

(D) Regulating and supervising stock market transactions

39. Why did many Americans criticize the Agricultural Adjustment Administration?

(A) Because many of the neediest sharecroppers and tenant farmers received no benefits

(B) Because the AAA subsidized farmers to cut production by destroying excess crops while millions of people didn't have enough food

(C) Because the AAA established artificially high prices

(D) All of the above

40. Buying stocks “on margin” refers to the practice of

(A) Purchasing stocks without researching companies or market trends beforehand

(B) Taking out bank loans to buy stocks

(C) Taking out illegal loans from gangsters in order to buy stocks

(D) Using the prospect of future stock earnings to buy more stocks

41. What did the Glass-Steagall Act do?

(A) Outlawed the practice of buying stocks on margin

(B) Established the FDIC to insure personal savings accounts

(C) Protected workers' rights to strike and bargain collectively

(D) Created the Public Works Administration

42. The Sacco-Vanzetti trial demonstrated

(A) Americans' prejudice against immigrants

(B) The revamped KKK's cruelty toward Italian Catholics

(C) The rise of organized crime

(D) The heated debate between Christian fundamentalists and those who believed in Darwin's theory of natural selection

43. All of the following contributed to the demise of the New Deal except

(A) The Roosevelt Recession

(B) Roosevelt's court-packing scheme

(C) The Wagner Act

(D) Schechter v. United States

44. What did Roosevelt's “fireside chats” do?

(A) Restored confidence in the banking system

(B) Demonstrated the new power of radio

(C) Boosted American's confidence in the president

(D) All of the above

45. All of the following were components of the Second New Deal except

(A) The Wagner Act

(B) The Social Security Act

(C) The Hatch Act

(D) The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act

46. The so-called Lost Generation authors of the 1920s

(A) Described utopian societies of the future

(B) Were disillusioned with America after World War I

(C) Railed against social injustices

(D) Predicted the Great Depression

47. Americans' antiwar sentiments in the 1920s were reflected in

(A) The Nine-Power Naval Treaty

(B) The Twenty-First Amendment

(C) The Good Neighbor Policy

(D) The Kellogg-Briand Pact

48. What was an effect of the Roosevelt Recession?

(A) It helped Republicans return to power in Congress

(B) It encouraged Democrats to legislate the Second New Deal

(C) It convinced Roosevelt that Keynesian-style deficit spending was failing

(D) It prompted the Red Scare

49. In the Four-Power Treaty of 1922, France, Britain, and the United States agreed

(A) To reduce their number of battleships in the Pacific

(B) To carve China into separate spheres of influence

(C) Not to fortify their territorial possessions in the Pacific even though Japan could

(D) To prepare for a possible war with Japan over Southeast Asia

50. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was related to previous president

(A) William McKinley

(B) Benjamin Harrison

(C) Eleanor Roosevelt

(D) Theodore Roosevelt

The Great Depression (1920–1940)

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