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The French and Indian War (1754-1763)
Timeline
March 15, 1744-October 18, 1748: King George's War
The warm-up to the French and Indain War between France and England, also fought
for domination over North America. Ends with the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle and
no clear victor.
1752-1753: Agitation grows
Tension grows between France and England over competing land and trading claims.
Minor skirmishes break out, particularly in rural areas.
November-December 1753: The message
George Washington carries Virginia's ultimatum over French encroachment to
Captain Legardeur de Saint-Pierre at Riviere aux Boeufs. He rejects it.
May 28, 1754: The first battle
Washington defeats the French in a surprise attack. His troops retreat to Great
Meadows and build Fort Necessity.
July 3, 1754: The French take Fort Necessity
July 17, 1754: Washington's resignation
Blamed for Fort Necessity, Washington resigns. He will later return as a
volunteer under British authority.
June 17, 1755: The British seize Acadia (Nova Scotia)
July 9, 1755: The Battle of the Wilderness
British General Braddock's forces are defeated near Fort Duquesne in
Pennsylvania, leaving the backwoods of British territory undefended.
September 9, 1755: The Battle of Lake George
British Colonel William Johnson's forces win, making Johnson the first
British hero of the war.
May 8-9, 1756: Declarations of War
Great Britain declares war on France. France declares war on Great Britain.
August 14, 1756: Fort Oswego
The French capture this fort on the banks of the Great Lakes.
August 8, 1757: Fort William Henry
The commander-in-chief of the French forces, Louis-Joseph de Montcalm takes
Fort William Henry. The infamous massacre occurs, later dramatized in James
Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans.
July 8, 1758: The French take Fort Ticonderoga
July 26, 1758: Louisbourg
The British seize Louisbourg, opening the route to Canada.
August 27, 1758: Fort Frontenac
The French surrender this fort on Lake Ontario, effectively destroying their
ability to communicate with their troops in the Ohio Valley.
October 21, 1758: British/Indian Peace
The British make peace with the Iroquois, Shawnee, and Delaware Indians.
November 26, 1758: The British recapture Fort Duquesne
It is renamed "Pittsburgh."
May 1, 1759: The British capture the French island of Guadeloupe in the
Caribbean
June 26, 1759: The British take Fort Ticonderoga
July 25, 1759: A Slow Route to Victory
The British take Fort Niagara; the French abandon Crown Point. After these two
victories, the British control the entire western frontier.
September 13, 1759: Quebec
The British win the decisive Battle of Quebec. Montcalm and Wolfe, the
commanding generals of both armies, perish in battle.
May 16, 1760: French Siege of Quebec fails
September 8, 1760: Montreal
Montreal falls to the British; letters are signed finishing the surrender of
Canada.
(circa) September 15, 1760: The functional end of the war
The British flag is raised over Detroit, effectively ending the war.
1761: The British make peace with the Cherokee Indians
September 18, 1762: French attempt to retake Newfoundland fails
February 10, 1763: Treaty of Paris
All French possessions east of the Mississippi, except New Orleans, are given to
the British. All French possessions west of the Mississippi are given to the
Spanish. France regains Martinique, Guadeloupe and St. Lucia.
April 27, 1763: Indian Wars
Pontiac, the Ottowa Chief, proposes a coalition of Ottowas, Potawatomies and
Hurons for the purpose of attacking Detroit.
May 9, 1763: Battle of Detroit
Pontiac's forces lay siege to Detroit. That summer, his allies destroy forts at
Venango, Le Boeuf and Presque Isle.
July 1763: Smallpox
Men of the garrison at Fort Pitt infect besieging chiefs with blankets from the
smallpox hospital. Soon faced with an epidemic, the Indians retreat.
October 31, 1763: Pontiac capitulates at Detroit
Indian power in the Ohio Valley is broken.
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