Butts, Leonard. The Novels of John Gardner: Making Life Art as a Moral Process. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988.

Chavkin, Allan, ed. Conversations with John Gardner. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1990.

Heaney, Seamus, trans. Beowulf: A New Verse Translation. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2000.

Henderson, Jeff, ed. Thor’s Hammer: Essays on John Gardner. Conway: University of Central Arkansas Press, 1985.

Howell, John M. Understanding John Gardner. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1993.

McWilliams, Dean. John Gardner. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990.

Mendez-Egle, Beatrice, ed. John Gardner: True Art, Moral Art. Edinburg, Texas: Pan American University School of the Humanities, 1983.