Pynchon, Thomas. The Crying of Lot 49. New York: Perennial Library, 1965.

O'Donnell, Patrick, ed. New essays on The Crying of Lot 49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Newman, Robert D. Understanding Thomas Pynchon. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1986.

Hite, Molly. Ideas of Order in the Novels of Thomas Pynchon. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1983.