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Chapters 54–62
Chapter 54: Robert Le Diable
Monte Cristo and Haydée cause quite a stir when they appear
in their box at the opera. Monte Cristo visits Madame Danglars’s
box, in which Eugénie, Albert, and Fernand are all sitting. While
Monte Cristo leans over the balcony with Fernand, Haydée catches
sight of the the box and nearly faints. Monte Cristo takes leave
of the Danglars and Morcerf families and returns to Haydée, who
is beside herself with emotion. She tells Monte Cristo that Morcerf
is the man who betrayed her father, Ali Pacha, to the Turks and
then sold her into slavery. Chapter 55: A Talk about Stocks
Albert de Morcerf and Lucien Debray visit Monte Cristo.
They discuss Albert’s engagement to Eugénie Danglars. Albert is
reluctant to marry Eugénie, despite her extreme beauty and wealth,
as she seems “too erudite and masculine.” In addition, Mercédès
is very upset at the prospect of having Eugénie as a daughter-in-law,
and Albert cannot imagine doing anything to cause his mother pain.
Debray then reveals that Madame Danglars, his lover, gambles large
sums of her husband’s money in stocks. Albert jokingly suggests
teaching Madame Danglars a lesson by manipulating her stocks with
a false news report. Monte Cristo notices that Debray appears unsettled
by this line of conversation. It is clear that Debray does, in fact,
regularly abuse his government position by giving privileged information
to Madame Danglars. Chapter 56: Major Cavalcanti
Monte Cristo plans to meet with two men and instructs
them to play the roles he has outlined for them in return for significant
monetary compensation. The older man must pretend to be Marquis
Bartolomeo Cavalcanti, a retired Italian major and nobleman who
has been searching in vain for his kidnapped son for fifteen years. Chapter 57: Andrea Cavalcanti
Monte Cristo continues that the younger man must play
the part of Bartolomeo Cavalcanti’s son, Andrea Cavalcanti, reunited
with his father by Monte Cristo. After giving the two men false
identity documents, new wardrobes, and other necessities for their
disguise, Monte Cristo invites them to a dinner party he is throwing
the following Saturday. Chapter 58: At the Gate
Maximilian and Valentine meet again in the garden of the
Villefort home. Maximilian reveals that Franz is returning to Paris
soon, and Valentine swears that she is unable to oppose her father’s
will that she marry Franz. Valentine mentions that her stepmother
wants her to remain unmarried and join a convent so that all of
her inheritance will go to Edward, who will otherwise receive almost
no inheritance at all. In the course of the conversation, it becomes
clear that Eugénie is just as reluctant to marry Albert de Morcerf
as he is to marry her. Eugénie has confided in Valentine that she
never wants to marry but wants instead to lead a free and independent
life as an artist. Chapter 59: M. Noirtier de Villefort
While Maximilian and Valentine hold their secret tryst,
Villefort and his wife visit the room in their house in which Noirtier
lives with his devoted servant, Barrois. Noirtier’s stroke has left
him with only the powers of sight and hearing, so he is unable to
communicate with anyone but Villefort, Barrois, and Valentine. Valentine
is Noirtier’s sole happiness in life; because of her love and devotion, she
is able to read all of her grandfather’s thoughts and desires in
his eyes. Villefort and his wife break the news of Valentine’s engagement,
and Noirtier is silently enraged, since Franz’s father was his greatest
political enemy. Valentine is sent to comfort her grandfather, and
she confides in him that she does not want to marry Franz. Noirtier
vows that he will help Valentine escape her unwanted engagement. Chapter 60: The Will
Noirtier summons a notary and rewrites his will. He provides
that if Valentine marries Franz, all of his inheritance will go
to the poor rather than to Valentine. Villefort is unmoved by his
father’s threat and refuses to call off Valentine’s engagement. Chapter 61: The Telegraph
Downstairs, the Villeforts find Monte Cristo waiting for
them. Monte Cristo invites them to his upcoming dinner party and
tells them that he would like to visit a telegraph office. They
suggest that he visit the Spanish line, which is the busiest. Chapter 62: The Bribe
Monte Cristo visits a remote telegraph post, where he
bribes the operator to pass along a false report. The next day,
Debray hurries to the Danglars household and tells Madame Danglars
that her husband must sell all of his Spanish bonds. Debray has
just learned—in advance because of his government position—of a
telegraph that came in announcing that a revolution is about to
break out in Spain.
Madame Danglars follows Debray’s advice. That evening’s newspaper
confirms the news about Spain, and Danglars saves a fortune as Spanish
bonds plummet. However, the following day the newspaper states that
the previous report of impending unrest was mistaken, stemming from
an improperly intercepted telegraph communication. Danglars ends
up losing one million francs. Analysis: Chapters 54–62
The scene at the opera in Chapter 64 provides
a sharp juxtaposition of two opposing elements of The Count
of Monte Cristo. On one hand, the story is a fantastical
melodrama, with a vampirelike count, a beautiful Greek princess,
horrible betrayals, and breathtaking acts of revenge. On the other
hand, it is a highly realistic novel, depicting the customs, hypocrisies,
and everyday lives of French nobility. Dumas himself saw his novel
as essentially a tale of contemporary manners, taking great care
to provide the characters with real addresses, real restaurants,
and stores to frequent, along with behavior authentic to their social
status. Even the opera Monte Cristo attends is carefully chosen: Robert
Le Diable, an 1831 work by
Jacques Meyerbeer, is a performance that the upper crust of Dumas’s
time would certainly have turned out to see. Dumas even goes so
far in his realism as to engage in some mild social satire. He mocks
contemporary notions of propriety, for instance, by noting that
while it would have been considered a scandal if Madame Danglars
and her daughter had attended the opera alone, it is considered perfectly
appropriate for them to be accompanied by Madame Danglars’s lover,
Debray. Dumas’s impressive realism gives his novel a depth that
a mere melodrama would not possess.
Dumas portrays Noirtier as one of the sympathetic characters
of the novel, which is strange in light of Dumas’s concern for individual
liberties. In his days as a revolutionary, Noirtier committed the high
sin of sacrificing individual lives to big ideas. In Villefort’s words,
he was a man “for whom France was a vast chessboard, from which
pawns, rooks, knights, and queens, were to disappear, so that the
king was checkmated.” In other words, Noirtier treated people as
means toward that which he considered an important end. Perhaps
Dumas pardons Noirtier because he violated individual rights only
with the eventual aim of securing such rights. As a revolutionary
leader, Noirtier fought for the common people and for liberal, democratic
ideals. In addition, because he is poised perfectly to do harm to
Villefort, one of the novel’s least sympathetic characters, Noirtier
must, by default, have a redeeming character.
The telegraph episode of Chapters 61 and 62 is
one of the only events in the long and drawn-out destruction of
Danglars that Dumas actually portrays. Unlike the downfalls of Fernand
and Villefort, which occur in brilliant bursts of spectacle, Danglars’s downfall
is slow and dull. Since Danglars cares about nothing but his wealth,
it is his wealth that Monte Cristo attacks, causing repeated losses
that destroy Danglars’s credit. For the most part, Dumas gives us
the behind-the-scenes story of Danglars’s destruction in small hints.
Various long-standing clients of Danglars suddenly borrow large
amounts of money and then go bankrupt, unable to honor their debts
to him. These long-standing clients, we are to understand, are all
Monte Cristo borrowing under assumed names. |
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