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Knoper, Randall. Acting Naturally: Mark Twain in the Culture of Performance. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
Rowe, Katherine. Dead Hands: Fictions of Agency, Renaissance to Modern. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999.
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Twain, Mark. The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson and the Comedy of Those Extraordinary Twins. New York: Signet Classic, 1964 (1893).