Problem 2.1: Take the following scenario: Every time a batter reaches first base, the next batter hits a double. Every time a batter hits a double, the runner on first scores. Jon reaches first base. What can you deduce about Jon? [Solution]

Problem 2.2: Take the following scenario: When the sun shines, the grass grows. When the grass grows, it needs to be cut. The sun shines. What can you deduce about the grass? [Solution]

Problem 2.3: Take the following scenario: Jim is a barber. Everybody who gets his hair cut by Jim gets a good haircut. Austin got a good haircut. What can you deduce about Austin? [Solution]

Problem 2.4: All dogs are mammals, and all mammals are vertebrates. Shaggy is a dog. What can be deduced about shaggy? [Solution]

Problem 2.5: Why is the following example of deductive reasoning faulty? Given: Khaki pants are comfortable. Comfortable pants are expensive. Adrian's pants are not khaki pants. Deduction: Adrian's pants are not expensive. [Solution]