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Timeline
December 25, 1642:
· Birth of Isaac Newton in Woolsthorpe, England
January 1646:
· Hannah Newton remarries and moves away, leaving her
son to be raised by an uncle.
January 30, 1649:
· Charles I beheaded by Cromwell and the Puritans.
1653:
· Death of Hannah's second husband; she returns to live
with Isaac, bringing three children with her from her second marriage.
1654:
· Newton enrolls in the Grantham Grammar School
September 3, 1658:
· Death of Cromwell.
1660:
· Charles II crowned King of England, Restoration begins
1661:
· Newton enrolls in Trinity College, Cambridge.
July 1662:
· Founding of the Royal Society
1665:
· Newton receives his bachelor of arts from Trinity
College
1666:
· Fire in London. Outbreak of plague drives Newton
to retire to his mother's home in Woolsthorpe. Newton conducts
prism experiments, discovers spectrum of light; works out his system
of "fluxions," precursor of modern calculus; begins to consider
the idea of gravity.
1669:
· Newton appointed Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at
Trinity, a position he will hold for the next thirty-four years.
January 11, 1672:
· Newton elected to the Royal Society
February 1672:
· Newton's paper on optics and his prism experiments
sent to the Society. Rivalry with Hooke begins.
1670s:
· Newton works on the mathematics of gravitation in
his home in Cambridge.
1674:
· Hooke writes book in which he suggests existence of
"attractive powers," akin to gravity.
1679:
· Death of Hannah Newton
January 1684:
· Hooke discusses principle of inverse squares with
Christopher Wren and Halley
August 1684:
· Halley goes to visit Newton in Cambridge, where they
discuss the principle inverse squares and its relationship with
planetary orbits.
November 1684:
· Newton completes his calculations on gravity and shares
them with Halley, who urges him to publish.
February 1685:
· Newton sends a brief treatise, Propositiones
de Motu, to the Royal Society, outlining his findings.
April 1686:
· Newton presents the first book of the Principia to
the Royal Society.
September 1687:
· Publication of the complete Principia
1688-89:
· Glorious Revolution in England. James II flees to
France, William and Mary take the throne.
1689:
· Newton elected as Cambridge's representative to Parliament.
1693:
· Newton's "Black Year." He is plagued by depression
and insomnia, and apparently suffers a nervous breakdown in September.
1695:
· Newton appointed warden of the Mint, to oversee the implementation
of a new currency. He leaves Cambridge and moves to London.
1699:
· Newton named master of the Mint.
1703:
· Death of Hooke; Newton elected President of the Royal
Society.
1705:
· Newton knighted by Queen Anne.
1712:
· Royal Society commission, under Newton's direction, investigates
the competing claims of Leibniz and Newton to having developed calculus,
and decides in favor of Newton.
1713:
· Second edition of the Principia published.
November 14, 1714:
· Death of Leibniz
1726:
· Third edition of the Principia published;
all reference to Leibniz has been removed.
March 20, 1727:
· Death of Sir Isaac Newton, in London.
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