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Comparison Function
A function which tells whether one element is greater than, less than, or equal to another. Note that this class of functions is not limited to numbers. For example, the C Standard Library function strcmp() uses a comparison function to compare strings.
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Sorting Algorithm
An algorithm, or series of steps, that takes an unsorted list and uses a comparison function to put the list into sorted order.
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Heap
A binary tree in which each node has a greater value than its children.