Ibsen, Henrik. Four Major Plays. Rick Davis and Brian Johnston, trans. Lyme, NH: Smith and Kraus, 1995.

Ibsen: A Collection of Critical Essays. Rolf Fjelde, ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965.

Northram, John. Ibsen: A Critical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.