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Oliver Twist Charles Dickens
Chapters 42–48
Summary: Chapter 42
Noah Claypole and Charlotte flee to London after robbing
Mr. Sowerberry. They stop at the Three Cripples inn, where they
meet Fagin and Barney. Fagin invites Noah to join his gang, assigning
him to rob children.
Summary: Chapter 43
Noah meets Fagin at his home. The Artful Dodger has been
arrested for stealing a handkerchief. Noah's first job is to go
to the police station to watch the Dodger's trial. The Dodger, joking
all the while, is convicted and sentenced to transportation. Noah
hurries back to tell Fagin.
Summary: Chapter 44
Fagin is visiting Sikes when Nancy tries to leave for
London Bridge at eleven on Sunday. Sikes drags her into another
room and restrains her for an hour. When he departs, Fagin asks
that Nancy conduct him downstairs. He whispers to her that he will
help her leave the brute Sikes if she wants. Fagin imagines that
Nancy has wanted to meet a new lover that night. He hopes to persuade
her to murder Sikes and bring her new love into his gang, so he
can solidify his control over her. He plans to watch her in order
to discover the identity of her new love, hoping to blackmail her
with this information.
Summary: Chapter 45
Fagin tells Noah that he will pay him a pound to follow
Nancy. The following Sunday, when Sikes is away, he takes Noah to
Sikes's residence. At eleven, Nancy leaves the apartment. Noah follows
at a discreet distance.
Summary: Chapter 46
Nancy meets Mr. Brownlow and Rose on London Bridge and
leads them to a secluded spot. Noah hears Nancy beg them to ensure
that none of her associates get into trouble because of her choice
to help Oliver. They agree, and Nancy tells them when they will
most likely see Monks visiting the public house. They hope to catch
Monks and force the truth about Oliver from him. Nancy's description
of Monks startles Mr. Brownlow, who appears to know him. Brownlow
begs Nancy to accept their help, but she says that she is chained to
her life. He and Rose depart. Nancy cries violently and then heads for
home. Noah hurries to Fagin's house.
Summary: Chapter 47
When Sikes delivers stolen goods to Fagin that night,
Fagin and Noah relate the details of Nancy's trip. Fagin does not
tell Sikes that Nancy insisted that her associates not get into
trouble. In a rage, Sikes rushes home and beats Nancy to death while
she begs for mercy.
Summary: Chapter 48
He threw himself upon the roadon his
back upon the road. At his head it stood, silent, erect, and stilla living
grave-stone, with its epitaph in blood.
In the morning, Sikes flees London, seeing suspicious
looks everywhere. He stops at a country inn to eat. Seeing a bloodstain
on Sikes's hat, a salesman grabs it to demonstrate the quality of
his stain remover. Sikes flees the inn. He overhears some men talking about
the murder at the post office. He wanders the road, haunted by the
image of Nancy's dead eyes. A local barn catches fire, and Sikes
helps put out the fire. Sikes decides to return to London and hide.
Afraid that his dog, Bull's-eye, will give him away, he tries to drown
the animal, but it escapes.
Analysis: Chapters 42–48
Although Fagin claims to be in partnership with his associates,
protecting them in exchange for their loyalty, in the end, he manipulates them
so that his own self-interest is better served. He watches the people
around him with special care and translates his knowledge about
them into power. A prime example of this strategy is his hope to
use Nancy's possible lover to control her through blackmail. Even worse,
he reveals Nancy's betrayal of the band's code of silence to Sikes
in the worst, most treacherous light possible. He describes her actions
in such a way as to inspire Sikes's murderous rage. Having Nancy
killed is at least as beneficial to Fagin as to Sikes, but Fagin
is unwilling to risk doing the deed himself. Instead, he uses his
knowledge about Nancy and about Sikes's character to manipulate
Sikes into committing the horrible crime.
Oliver Twist explores different varieties
of justicethat served by the English court system; spiritual or
godly justice; and, with Sikes's crime, personal justice, or the
torments of conscience. Justice for Sikes's foulest and most cruel
of crimes is served almost instantly, as Sikes's guilt immediately
subjects him to horrific mental torture. The passages exploring
his mental state are among the most psychologically intricate in
the novel. Sikes cannot cleanse himself of Nancy's blood, either
figuratively or literally. Visions of Nancy's dead eyes disturb
him greatly, and he fears being seen. During his desperate flight
from London, he feels as though everyone is watching suspiciously.
Sikes's remorse and paranoia shape and twist the world around him.
The traveling salesman who claims to offer the infallible and invaluable
composition for removing all sorts of stain, including bloodstains,
is so canny in his offer to help Sikes remove his stains that the
salesman could almost be a figment of Sikes's haunted imagination.
Likewise, the burning barn, which essentially serves no purpose
in the plot, seems to be a herald of the fires of hell Sikes sees
in his future.
Unlike Oliver, who spends much of the novel trying to
discover his identity, Sikes desperately wishes to hide his identity.
However, his dog, Bull's-eye, acts as a kind of walking name tag.
The animal follows him everywhere. Indeed, Sikes's animal even leaves
his mark at the scene of the crimehis bloodstained footprints cover
the room where Nancy is killed. Bull's-eye often functions as an
alter ego for Sikes: the animal is vicious and brutal, just like
its owner. Sikes's desire to kill the dog symbolically and psychologically
represents a desire to kill himself, the murderer he has become.
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