Gas Thermodynaics

Terms and Formulae

Terms

Bose Gas - A Bose gas is a gas consisting of bosons.

Boson - A boson is a particle with integer spin.

Classical Regime - The classical regime is that in which gases behave classically, namely without demonstrating bosonic or fermionic character. We can define the regime as f

1 or n

n_Q.

Degenerate - Term used for a gas when it is too dense to be considered as being in the classical regime, i.e. n > n_Q.

Distribution Function - The distribution function, f, gives the average number of particles in an orbital.

Einstein Condensation - Also known as bose condensation, the effect of boson crowding in the ground orbital.

Einstein Condensation Temperature - The temperature below which Einstein Condensation significantly occurs, given by τâɡ

Equipartition - A classical shortcut that assigns to one particle energy of

τ per degree of freedom in the classical expression of its energy.

Fermi Energy - The Fermi energy

is defined as the chemical potential at a temperature of zero: μ(τ = 0) =

Fermi Gas - A Fermi gas is a gas consisting of fermions.

Fermion - A fermion is a particle with half-integer spin.

Heat Capacity - The heat capacity of a gas is a measure of how much heat the gas can hold. We define the heat capacity at constant volume to be:

C_Vâɡ

.

We define the heat capacity at constant pressure to be:

C_pâɡ

Ideal Gas - A gas of particles that do not interact with each other and are in the classical regime.

Quantum Concentration - The quantum concentration marks the concentration transition between the classical and quantum regimes, and is defined as n_Q =