Thermodynamics: Gas: Terms and Formulae

Terms

Bose Gas

A Bose gas is a gas consisting of bosons.
Boson

A boson is a particle with integer spin.
Classical Regime

The classical regime is that in which gases behave classically, namely without demonstrating bosonic or fermionic character. We can define the regime as f 1 or nn_Q.
Degenerate

Term used for a gas when it is too dense to be considered as being in the classical regime, i.e. n > n_Q.
Distribution Function

The distribution function, f, gives the average number of particles in an orbital.
Einstein Condensation

Also known as bose condensation, the effect of boson crowding in the ground orbital.
Einstein Condensation Temperature

The temperature below which Einstein Condensation significantly occurs, given by τâÉá.
Equipartition

A classical shortcut that assigns to one particle energy of τ per degree of freedom in the classical expression of its energy.
Fermi Energy

The Fermi energy is defined as the chemical potential at a temperature of zero: μ(τ = 0) = .
Fermi Gas

A Fermi gas is a gas consisting of fermions.
Fermion

A fermion is a particle with half-integer spin.
Heat Capacity

The heat capacity of a gas is a measure of how much heat the gas can hold. We define the heat capacity at constant volume to be:

C_VâÉá.

We define the heat capacity at constant pressure to be:

C_pâÉá.
Ideal Gas

A gas of particles that do not interact with each other and are in the classical regime.
Quantum Concentration

The quantum concentration marks the concentration transition between the classical and quantum regimes, and is defined as n_Q = .