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As we have learned, gene regulation results in different gene expression which is directly tied to what proteins are present in the cell and therefore the cell’s function. In multicellular organisms, this is crucial as the organism develops. Through the development process, as cells multiply, they need to differentiate and become different kinds of cells that will serve different roles in the organism. Cell specialization and differentiation is controlled by the regulation of gene expression. For example, transcription factors will regulate the expression of genes for tissue-specific proteins. The presence of these proteins changes the cells and ultimately the formation of specialized tissues and functions. Transcription factors that are introduced during development at different times can also lead to sequential gene expression. As you can imagine, the regulation of gene expression has broad and major impacts and is a huge part of understanding how life functions.
