We learn more from people who challenge our thought process than those who affirm our conclusions. Strong leaders engage their critics and make themselves stronger. Weak leaders silence their critics and make themselves weaker.

This quote from Part 1, Chapter 4 highlights Grant’s idea that leaders do better if they open themselves up to rethinking by engaging with those who challenge their beliefs and ideas. According to Grant, CEOs who indulge flattery and conformity tend to become overconfident. As a result, they stick to their existing strategic plans instead of changing course. Grant suggests that while leaders may be more comfortable surrounding themselves with people who agree with them, they should instead seek feedback from those who are willing to challenge them. Shielding themselves from task conflict, says Grant, puts leaders on a road to failure.