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Chapters VIII–X
Summary: Chapter VIII
Jake does not see Brett or Cohn for a while. He receives
a brief card from Brett, who is vacationing in San Sebastian. He
also receives a note from Cohn reporting that he has left Paris
for the countryside. Frances has left for England. Jake’s friend
Bill Gorton, an American veteran, arrives from the States. He and
Jake plan on going to Spain in order to fish and to attend the fiesta
at Pamplona. Bill visits Jake before leaving to visit Budapest and
Vienna. When he returns, he tells Jake that he was too drunk to
remember very much of his four days in Vienna. While Jake and Bill
look for a restaurant, they see Brett get out of a cab. Jake, up
to this point, is unaware that she has returned from San Sebastian.
Jake, Bill, and Brett go for drinks together. Brett eventually
leaves to meet Mike Campbell, and Jake and Bill eat dinner and drink
some more in a restaurant packed with American tourists. Later,
they meet Brett and Mike at a café. Mike is drunk and continually
mentions how beautiful Brett is. He wants to return to their hotel
early. Jake and Bill decide to attend a boxing match, leaving them
alone. Summary: Chapter IX
The next morning, Jake receives a wire from Cohn asking
to meet Bill and Jake when they go fishing in Spain. Jake makes
the necessary arrangements. That evening Jake finds Brett and Mike
at a bar. They ask if they may join him in Spain as well. Jake politely responds
that they may. When Mike leaves to get a haircut, Brett asks if
Cohn will be going to Spain as well. When Jake tells her that he
will, she wonders if it will be too “rough” on Cohn. Jake does not understand
until she reveals that she was with Cohn in San Sebastian. Jake
and Brett exchange tense words before eventually deciding that Brett
should write Cohn, telling him she will be in Spain. To their surprise,
when Cohn receives her note, he still wants to go. Jake plans to
meet Mike and Brett in Pamplona. Bill and Jake board a train from
Paris to Bayonne, where they plan to meet Cohn. The train is overrun
with people (whom Jake identifies as Catholics), and the two men
must wait to eat their lunch. When they arrive in Bayonne, Cohn
is waiting at the station. Summary: Chapter X
Bill, Jake, and Cohn hire a car to Pamplona. Cohn is nervous because
he does not know if Bill and Jake know about his fling with Brett
in San Sebastian. He does not believe Brett and Mike will arrive
later that night. His “air of superior knowledge” irritates Bill and
Jake. In anger, Bill foolishly wagers a hundred pesetas that they will
arrive on time. Bill tells Jake that he can’t stand it when Cohn gets
“superior and Jewish.” When Jake picks up his bullfighting tickets,
he stops at the cathedral to pray, but he finds his mind wandering.
Jake goes with Cohn to the station to meet Mike and Brett,
simply to irritate Cohn. However, Mike and Brett are not on the
train, so Jake and Cohn return to the hotel. Jake receives a telegram
from Brett and Mike telling him that they have stopped in San Sebastian because
Brett is sick. He does not hand the telegram over because he wants
to annoy Cohn further, but he does tell Bill and Cohn that Brett
and Mike are still in San Sebastian. Bill and Jake plan to take
a bus to a small town called Burguete to go fishing, but Cohn decides to
stay behind and wait for Brett and Mike. He admits to Jake that he
wrote to Brett suggesting a meeting in San Sebastian. When Jake is
alone with Bill, Bill reports that Cohn confided in him about his “date”
with Brett. Bill says that he thinks Cohn is nice but “so awful.” Analysis: Chapters VIII–X
Bill Gorton provides an important contrast to Jake. While
Jake is generally tight-lipped and hesitates to express what is
on his mind, Bill takes a different approach to communicating his
feelings: he jokes constantly, using humor as a coping mechanism.
Bill, like all of Jake’s friends, wrestles with the demons of the
postwar world. Thus, he feels compelled to drink himself blind for
four days in Vienna. But humor allows him to talk about the issues
that haunt him in the wake of the Great War. For instance, he addresses
the issue of weakened masculinity in the postwar world through his motto
of “Never be daunted.” He presents this phrase in the context of
drinking, telling Jake not to be daunted by how much he needs to drink
in order to “catch up.” The phrase implicitly touches upon notions
of valor and bravery. Bill subtly suggests that in the postwar world,
such notions have meaning only in the realm of alcohol.
Jake and Bill are bothered by the Catholics on the train
because the Catholics possess strong faith and a belief in God and
in moral order. Bill and Jake, on the other hand, lack this confident,
secure faith. They struggle with the lack of meaning in their lives.
Bill, in particular, seems threatened by the Catholics, joking that
their monopolization of the dining car is “enough to make a man
join the Klan.” Ironically, we learn that Jake is himself Catholic,
although he is somewhat reticent about the fact. He periodically
looks for solace in his religion, but his faith is not sufficient
to anchor him mentally and spiritually. When he goes into church
to pray, for example, he finds his mind wandering.
Jake and Bill are hostile to Cohn after his dalliance
with Brett. Jake, of course, is painfully jealous of Cohn, and we
can infer that Bill picks up on his friend’s jealousy and sympathizes
with him. But while Jake has had to tolerate Brett’s other men before,
Cohn is doubly infuriating to Jake because he does not seem to understand
that his affair with Brett is over. Cohn is blind to the unspoken
rules by which Brett, Jake, and their friends live their lives,
and since he knows nothing about Brett’s real love for Jake, it
is unsurprising that Jake should now find Cohn intensely irritating.
Of course, neither Jake nor Bill discusses these feelings directly.
Instead, they increasingly express their feelings through anti-Semitic
jibes, alluding to Cohn’s status as an outsider because he is a
Jew and because he is not a veteran of World War I.
Cohn certainly makes a convenient target for contempt.
The way he pines for Brett when he clearly should give up is quite
pathetic. He is awkward socially and a little slow intellectually
at times. Bill and Jake avoid confronting their own shortcomings
by mocking Cohn’s. Jake seems somewhat more aware that their contempt
for Cohn functions as a way to avoid confronting their contempt
for themselves. He knows that his petty vengefulness toward Cohn arises
from his jealousy of Cohn’s relationship with Brett. He yearns for
her just as much as Cohn does. But, though he knows that his contemptuous
stance toward Cohn displaces his contempt for himself, Jake still
treats Cohn poorly. |
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