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Chapter XVI
Summary
It rains in the morning, leaving Pamplona foggy and dull.
Montoya consults Jake regarding a message from the American ambassador inviting
Pedro Romero to dine at the Grand Hotel. He fears that foreigners
will corrupt Romero. Jake feels the same way and advises him not
to deliver the message. He tells Montoya, “There’s one American
woman down here now that collects bullfighters.” Jake finds his
friends eating dinner in the hotel dining room. Romero is there
as well, eating dinner with a critic. Jake and Romero discuss bullfighting.
Romero is modest but extremely passionate about his work. Brett
pesters Jake to introduce their group to Romero, and he agrees to
do so. Everyone is quite drunk, and Mike shouts, “Tell him that
bulls have no balls!” Brett, however, strikes up a private conversation
with the young bullfighter. When Montoya enters the dining room,
he sees Romero drinking cognac and talking to Brett. He does not
even acknowledge Jake’s presence. After Romero leaves, Mike begins
to insult Cohn again viciously, shouting at him to go away. Jake
thinks Cohn actually enjoys the “drunken heroics” of the whole affair.
Jake drags Mike away from the table to prevent a fight.
Hordes of English and American tourists arrive in Pamplona
for the last day of the fiesta. Bill and Mike leave to bother the
English. Cohn stays behind, but Brett tells him to get lost because
she wants to be alone with Jake. She complains to Jake about Mike’s
behavior and Cohn’s following her around. Jake tries to defend Mike,
but she asks him not to make her feel guilty. They go for a walk,
and Brett asks Jake if he still loves her. After he affirms that
he does, she confesses that she is “mad about the Romero boy.” Though
she says she feels like a “bitch,” she asserts, “I’ve got to do
something I really want to do. I’ve lost my self-respect.” Jake
agrees to find Romero with her. They go to a café where Romero is
seated with other bullfighters and fight critics. When Romero comes
to their table, Jake invites him to sit down. Romero knows there
is a mutual attraction between him and Brett. She reads his palm,
and they begin to talk about bullfighting, with Jake translating.
Romero says that the bulls are his best friends, and that he always
kills his best friends “so they don’t kill me.” Jake leaves them
alone. Romero’s bullfighting friends stare at Jake with disapproval
as he leaves. When Jake returns to the café, Brett and Romero are
gone. Analysis
Mike’s behavior toward Cohn reaches the peak of its brutality
in this chapter. He desperately tries to get rid of Cohn and insults
Cohn to his face about being Jewish. It is not a coincidence that
this nastiness occurs at the same time that Brett is flirting with
Romero. Mike has understandable anxieties about his relationship
with Brett—he sees that she is more interested in Romero than in
him. He seems to take out these personal insecurities on Cohn. When
he shouts at Cohn, “Why don’t you see when you’re not wanted?” he
does so in order to avoid asking the same question of himself. Mike’s
behavior is one of many examples of characters attacking Cohn for
a weakness to which they themselves are subject.
Much of the central conflict in The Sun Also
Rises has to do with anxieties regarding sex. Relationships
between women and men in this novel are riddled with conflict, as
is apparent in Brett’s quarrels with her various lovers. Jake, Mike,
and Cohn all lament their inability to earn a full commitment from
her. To varying degrees, all three of them would like to control
her. They regard their inability to do so as a failure of their
masculinity, which torments them. On the surface, then, it would
seem that the men in the novel need Brett far more than she needs
them. But the nature of Brett’s independence is problematic. Although
she does not feel compelled to commit to any one man, she still
depends on men. She relies on Jake, for example, to give her emotional
support. Also, she says she needs to sleep with Romero in order
to boost her “self-respect.” Hence, within her sexual liberation
there remains a kind of bondage—Brett seems to need men to want
her in order to feel good about herself.
Despite this dependence, Brett remains true to herself
at all times. Although she feels like a “bitch” for doing so, she
generally does whatever she wants. She abandons Jake for Cohn, and
later she leaves Mike for Romero. In this carefree indulgence, she
contrasts markedly with Jake, who ignores his own feelings and desires
whenever they conflict with Brett’s requests. He is willing to do
anything for her, regardless of the personal cost, and this chapter
underscores this weakness. Although he loves Brett, he helps her
find Romero so that she can sleep with him. Jake thus utterly betrays
his own desires. His blind love for Brett overpowers all of his
self-interest.
Jake’s love also undermines his values in this chapter.
He has genuine passion for bullfighting. When he tells Montoya to
discard the note from the American ambassador, Jake demonstrates
that he understands and fears the threat foreigners pose to Romero’s
career. Yet, later the same night, he sets Romero up with Brett.
At the opening of the chapter, Jake defends Romero from harmful,
outside influences; at the end of the chapter, he pushes Romero
toward these same forces. In doing so, he betrays not only the sport
he loves but also his friendship with Montoya. Jake’s love for Brett
is the most powerful, controlling force in his life, and it greatly
disrupts everything else that he holds dear. |
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