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Adenisine Triphosphate (ATP)
The molecule from which cells derive energy. Comprised of an adenisine molecule
bonded to three phosphates, each phosphate bond contains energy, especially the
third bond. By breaking that one bond and reducing ATP to adenisine
diphosphate (ADP), the cell can get the energy to carry out its various
processes.
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Alcohol dehydrogenase
The glycolytic enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction that converts
acetaldehyde to ethanol in the alcoholic fermentation of pyruvate.
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Alcoholic fermentation
The process that converts pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethanol that takes
place in yeast under anaerobic conditions.
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Aldolase
The glycolytic enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction that converts
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) and
dihydroxyacetone phoshate (DHAP).
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Glucose
A six-carbon molecule that is a digestive product of carbohydrates and plays a
major role in the metabolism of living cells.
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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
The glycolytic enzyme responsible for converting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into
1,3-bisphoglycerate with the reduction of NAD to NADH.
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Hexokinase
The glycolytic enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction that transfers a
phosphate group from a molecule of ATP to a 6-membered glucose ring.
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Homolactic fermentation
The process that converts pyruvate into lactate while oxidizing NADH to NAD
under anaerobic conditions.
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Lactate dehydrogenase
The glycolytic enzyme responsible for converting pyruvate into lactate while
oxidizing NADH to NAD under anaerobic conditions.
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Phosphofructokinase
The glycolytic enzyme responsible for converting fructose-6-phosphate to
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to
fructose-6-phosphate.
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Phosphoglucose isomerase
The glycolytic enzyme responsible for converting glucose-6-phosphate to
fructose-6-phosphate.
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Phosphoglycerate kinase
The glycolytic enzyme responsible for converting 1,3-bisphoglycerate into 3-
phosphoglycerate by transferring a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphoglycerate to
an ADP molecule to yield ATP.
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Phosphoglycerate mutase
The glycolytic enzyme responsible for rearranging 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-
phosphoglycerate.
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Phosphorylation
A reaction that transfers a phosphate group from one molecule to another.
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Pyruvate
The end product of glycolysis.
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Pyruvate decarboxylase
The glycolytic enzyme responsible for converting pyruvate into acetaldehyde
under anaerobic conditions during alcoholic fermentation.
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Triosphosphate isomerase
The glycolytic enzyme responsible for converting dihydroxyacetone adenine
phosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate so that it can continue in the
glycolytic pathway.
