Sign up for your FREE 7-day trial.Get instant access to all the benefits of SparkNotes PLUS! Cancel within the first 7 days and you won't be charged. We'll even send you a reminder.
SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Free trial is available to new customers only.
Step 2 of 4
Choose Your Plan
Step 3 of 4
Add Your Payment Details
Step 4 of 4
Payment Summary
Your Free Trial Starts Now!
For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more!
Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Continue to start your free trial.
Please wait while we process your payment
Welcome to PLUS!Let us show you around so you can easily find all of your new PLUS study tools.
Welcome to PLUS!
Let us show you around so you can easily find all of your new PLUS study tools.
Please wait while we process your payment
Your PLUS subscription has expired
We’d love to have you back! Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools.
What is the pH of a solution of 40.0 g acetic acid, HAc, in 2.00 L of
water? Acetic acid has a
Ka of 1.76 x 10-5.
Because acetic acid is a weak acid, we can make the assumption that x is
much smaller than the initial
concentration of HAc.
Problem :
Explain why HClO4 is more acidic than HClO3.
According to the Pauling-Ricci rule, pKa = 8 - 9f + 4n,
f for
HClO4 is 3
whereas HClO3 has f = 2. Conceptually we can understand why
HClO4 has the lower pKa: the central atom Cl
becomes more electronegative when it is adjoined to more electron-withdrawing
oxygen atoms, and therefore the Cl atom withdraws electron density away from the
oxygen holding the acidic proton. This weakens the bond between the oxygen and
the proton.
Problem :
Why do you suppose H2S is a stronger acid than H2O?
The S-H bond in H2S is much weaker than the O-H bond in
H2O
because O is more electronegative than S. The weakly bonded proton is a mark of
a stronger acid.
