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Aliphatic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbons that don't contain benzene-like rings, in contrast to aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Alkane
Aliphatic hydrocarbon that consists of all single bonds.
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Alkene
Aliphatic hydrocarbon that contains C=C double bonds.
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Alkyne
Aliphatic hydrocarbon that contains C-C triple bonds.
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Aromatic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbons that contain benzene-like rings, in contrast to aliphatic hydrocarbons.
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Cis-trans isomerism
Stereoisomers that differ in the relative positions of substituents about a double bond or ring.
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Condensed structural formula
An abbreviated way of writing organic molecules in which C-H bonds are omitted. C-C bonds can also be omitted.
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Constitutional isomer
Isomer that differs in the connectivities of atoms.
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Cyclic alkane
An alkane whose carbon chain loops back on itself to form a ring.
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Hydrocarbon
A molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
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Isomer
Two different molecules with the same molecular formula.
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IUPAC nomenclature
A systematic method of naming organic molecules that unambiguously denotes the connectivity of a compound.
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Line-angle structure
An abbreviated way of writing organic molecules in which explicit carbon and hydrogen atoms are left out. Carbon atoms reside at the vertices and endpoints of lines and the number of hydrogens are implicitly known from the tetravalence of carbon.
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Methylene group
An internal component of a molecule of the structure -CH2-.
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n-alkane
Straight-chain alkanes; no branching.
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Organic chemistry
The study of compounds that contain carbon.
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Saturated
An organic compound that has no Π bonds.
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Stereoisomer
Isomers that are not constitutional isomers. These differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.
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Substituent
Chemical group that branches off of the parent chain in a molecule.
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Trivial name
A name that is acquired through common usage.
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Unsaturated
An organic compound that contains at least one Π bond.
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Unsaturation number
The sum of the number of rings and Π bonds in a molecule.
