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Key Formulas
Arithmetic Mean

Permutation
nPr =
, where r is the
size of the subgroup taken from a set with n elements.
, where r is the
size of the subgroup taken from a set with n elements.Combination
=
, or Probability

Total Elements of Overlapping Sets
If two subsets of a set share elements, the equation that
governs the total number of elements in the set is:
Total Elements = Group A Elements + Group B Elements +
Neither Group A nor Group B Elements – Group A and Group B Elements
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