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Anion
A negatively charged ion.
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Bond
That which holds together atoms in molecules and ions in lattices.
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Bond Dipole
The direction and magnitude of the charge separation in a bond.
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Bond Length
The distance between bonded nuclei.
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Bond Strength
The amount of energy necessary to break a bond. This energy is a measure of how hard it is to break a bond.
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Cation
A positively charged ion.
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Closed Shell
An electron configuration with a full valence shell.
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Coulomb's Law
A mathematical formula whose consequence is that negatively and positively charged particles attract each other and similarly charged species repel each other.
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Covalent Bond
A bond that results from a sharing of electrons between nuclei.
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Electronegativity
A measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself.
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Ion
A charged species created by the gain or loss of an electron from an atom or neutral molecule.
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Ionic Bond
A bond that results from electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. The cation is positively charged, while the anion is negatively charged.
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Open Shell
An electron configuration with a partially filled valence shell.
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Valence Shell
The orbitals with the highest occupied principle quantum number.