Problem :
Place the following in order of decreasing solubility in ammonia:
CH2Cl2, CH4, H2O
Ammonia is a polar solvent that can form hydrogen bonds. Water, has
exactly the same
characteristics so it is the most soluble in ammonia.
CH2Cl2 is polar but
cannot form hydrogen bonds so it is not as soluble in ammonia as is water.
CH4 is
completely non-polar and is, therefore, the least soluble in ammonia. The
correct order is:
H2O, CH2Cl2, CH4
Problem :
Which solvent, water or hexane
(CH3(CH2)4CH3), would you choose to
dissolve each of the following substances?
a. Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)
b. CCl4
c. H2S
d. Benzene (C6H6)
a. Water is better because ethanol is polar and can form hydrogen bonds.
b. Hexane is better because CCl4 is a non-polar molecule.
c. Water is better because H2S is polar.
d. Hexane is better because benzene is non-polar.
Problem :
Suppose you have 1.0 mole of nitrogen in a sealed container with 1.0 mole
of water. Now, imagine
that you have siphoned out half of the water from that container. What
would happen to the
concentration of nitrogen gas dissolved in the water?
When you siphon out the water, you create a larger volume for the nitrogen
gas to fill which causes a
decrease in nitrogen pressure. By Henry's law, that will make the
concentration of nitrogen
dissolved in the water decrease.
