Addition and Subtraction of Decimals
To add or subtract decimals, simply line them up so their decimal
points are in the same place, and then add or subtract as usual.
Sometimes one of the numbers will have more decimal places than the
other. Because adding zeros to the end of a decimal does not change
its value, we can just add zeros to the end of the shorter number until the two
numbers have the same number of decimal places. For example, to
subtract 65.23 from 987.462:
To add 56.999 to 193.1:
Multiplication of Decimals
To multiply two decimals, first count the total number of digits to the
right of the decimal place in each number, and add these two totals
together. Then remove the decimal points and multiply the two new
whole numbers together. Take this result, and count from the right the
total number of places calculated in the first step. Then insert
a decimal point to the left of this number.
For example, to multiply 3.4 and 2.01:
-
Step 1. There is 1 digit to the right of the decimal point
in 3.4, and 2 digits to the right of the decimal point in 2.01. This
is a total of 3.
-
Step 2. Eliminate the decimal points and multiply 34 by
201. This equals 6834
-
Step 3. Count 3 places from the right and insert a decimal
point. This yields 6.834.
Thus,
3.4×2.01 = 6.834.
Division of Decimals
To understand how to divide two numbers when one contains a decimal, we
must first remember that adding zeros to the end of a decimal does not
change the number. Therefore, we can add as many zeros as we want to
either of our decimals. Second, we note that if we move the decimal
one place to the right (or to the left) in both numbers, it does
not change the answer.
To divide two numbers, then, we first add zeros to the end of
either number--these must be added to the right of the decimal
point--until both numbers have the same number of digits to the right
of the decimal point. For example, to divide 31.8 by 2.65, we add a
zero to 31.8 so we are dividing 31.80 by 2.65. Next, we move the
decimal point to the right until both numbers are whole numbers;
moving the decimal point changes the value of the numbers, but it
doesn't change the ratio between the two numbers, which is what
division measures. Be very careful to move the decimals the same
distance for each number. In this case, we move the decimal point to
the right 2 places so we are dividing 3,180 by 265. Finally, we carry
out the long division. 3, 180/265 = 12.
