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    Complex Numbers

    Math

    Study Guide
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      • Complex Numbers
      • Introduction to Complex Numbers
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    Terms and Formulae

    Terms and Formulae

      Terms

    • Argument

      The angle created by the positive real axis and the segment connecting the origin to the plot of a complex number in the complex plane.

    • Complex Conjugate

      The complex conjugate of a given complex number a + bı is a - bı.

    • Complex Number

      The set of all numbers of the form a + bı, where a and b are real numbers. The real numbers are all complex numbers.

    • Complex Plane

      A plane with two perpendicular axes, the real axis and the imaginary axis, on which a complex number a + bı is plotted at the coordinate (a, b). It is customary for the real axis to coincide with the x-axis of the rectangular coordinate system, and for the imaginary axis to coincide with the y-axis of the rectangular coordinate system.

    • Imaginary Axis

      The axis in the complex plane that customarily coincides with the y-axis of the rectangular coordinate system, and on which the imaginary part bı of the complex number a + bı is plotted.

    • Imaginary Number

      A number that can be expressed in the form bı, where b is a real number.

    • Imaginary Part

      The bı term in every complex number a + bı.

    • Imaginary Unit

      The imaginary unit is ı. ı = .

    • Modulus

      for a complex number a + bı. In the complex plane, it is the distance between the plot of a complex number and the origin.

    • Polar Form of a Complex Number

      The polar form of a complex number z = a + bı is this: z = r(cos(θ) + ısin(θ)), where r = | z| and θ is the argument of z.

    • Real Axis

      The axis in the complex plane that typically coincides with the x-axis of the rectangular coordinate system, and on which the real part a of a complex numbers a + bı is plotted.

    • Real Part

      In a complex number a + bı, a.

    • Standard Form

      For a complex number, a + bı.

    • Formulae

       
      De Moivre's Theorem Let z = r(cos(θ) + ısin(θ).Thenzn = [r(cos(θ) + ısin(θ)]n = rn(cos(nθ) + ısin(nθ), where n is any positive integer.
       
      Roots of a Complex Number A complex number z = r(cos(θ) + ısin(θ) has exactly nnth roots given by the equation [cos() + ısin()], where n is a positive integer, and k = 0, 1, 2,..., n - 2, n - 1.
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