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Parliament called by Cromwell in 1653. The members of the Barebones Parliament were handpicked by Cromwell and the Council of State, largely from among the lesser gentry and merchant classes. The name itself comes from the fantastic name of one of its members, Praise-God Barebones, a Puritan leather merchant. A coup d'état in December 1653 caused this Parliament to hand its power back to Cromwell, who was proclaimed Lord Protector that same month.
Irish town taken by Cromwell and his army in September 1649 as part of his anti- Catholic crusade in Ireland. The siege lasted for eight days, and when Cromwell's troops finally entered the city over a thousand inhabitants of the town were massacred.
War fought between 1642 and 1646 between supporters of King Charles I and supporters of the English Parliament. Parliament's army won, and the end of the war set the stage for King Charles I's removal from the throne, as well as allowing Lieutenant-General Oliver Cromwell to rise to primary importance in the English government.
An act of Parliament passed in November 1641 that listed Parliament's numerous grievances against King Charles I. This act was a major step on the road to the English Civil War, as it explicitly marked Parliament's opposition to the overall course of Charles's reign.
Parliament called to session by Charles I in 1640 that enacted reforms such as the Triennial Act and was openly hostile against the Royalists. Cromwell sat in this Parliament, which did not bend to Charles's wishes and eventually took up arms against him in the English Civil War.
Royalist rebellion against the Protectorate that occurred in March 1655 under the leadership of John Penruddock. This was the most significant outbreak of violent Royalist opposition to Cromwell's government during the years of the Protectorate.
Parliament which convened after the beheading of King Charles I and was later forcibly disbanded by Cromwell in April 1653. The Rump Parliament was known for its slow-paced reform efforts and generally conservative outlook on what the English constitution should look like.
1641 act of Parliament that stipulated that the king must call a Parliament into session at least once every three years. This act displeased King Charles I, who had a history of ignoring Parliament and only calling Parliamentary sessions to help him raise revenues to pay for wars and other expenditures of the Crown.
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