full title Slaughterhouse-Five; or, The Children’s Crusade:
A Duty-Dance with Death
author Kurt Vonnegut
type of work Novel
genre Antiwar novel; historical fiction; science fiction;
semi-autobiographical fiction
language English
time and place written Approximately 1945–1968, United
States
date of first publication 1969
publisher Dell Publishing
narrator The author; or arguably, sometimes an anonymous narrator with
a similar point of view
point of view The author narrates in both first and third person.
The first-person sections are confined mainly to the first and last
chapters. The narration is omniscient: it reveals the thoughts and
motives of several characters, and provides details about their
lives and some analysis of their motivations. The narrator primarily follows
Billy Pilgrim but also presents the point of view of other characters
whom Billy encounters.
tone The narrator’s tone is familiar and ironic, and he
uncovers touches of dark humor and absurdity that do not diminish
the lyrical and emotional power of the material. His portrayal of Billy
is intimate but ambivalent, and he occasionally emphasizes the diction
of reported speech (prefacing a passage with “He says that” or “Billy
says”) to draw a distinction between reality and Billy’s interpretation
of events.
tense The majority of the book is written in the past tense,
but the narrator occasionally uses the present tense—especially
in the first and last chapters—when speaking from a personal point
of view as Kurt Vonnegut. The reporting of Billy’s speech is in
the present tense (for example: “Billy Pilgrim has come unstuck
in time. Or so he says.”) Occasionally the tense switches to future, as
when Billy describes his future death.
setting (time) The narrative provides a detailed account of Billy’s
war experiences in 1944–1945, but it skips
around his entire life, from his early childhood in the 1920s
to his death in 1976. The author’s narration
is set in 1968.
setting (place) The narrative thread of 1944–1945 concerns
Billy’s army service in Germany and briefly in Luxembourg, where
he is captured after the Battle of the Bulge. Most of the rest of
Billy’s life takes place in Ilium, New York. He also travels to
the planet Tralfamadore and lives there in a zoo.
protagonist Billy Pilgrim
major conflict Billy struggles to make sense out of a life forever
marked by the firsthand experience of war’s tragedy.
rising action Billy and his fellow prisoners are transported across
Germany and begin living in a slaughterhouse prison and working
in the city of Dresden.
climax Dresden is incinerated in a deadly firebomb attack.
But Billy misses the moment of destruction, waiting out the attack
in a well-protected meat locker. Psychologically, Billy does not
come to terms with this event until nearly twenty years later, when
the sight of a barbershop quartet on his wedding anniversary triggers his
suppressed sense of grief.
falling action The falling action occurs in the realm of Billy’s later
life as he progresses toward a newfound consciousness and an increasingly
tenuous mental state. Billy experiences alien abduction and prepares
to share his new insights with the world.
themes The destructiveness of war; the illusion of free will;
the importance of sight
motifs “So it goes”; the presence of the narrator as a character
symbols The bird who says “Poo-tee-weet?”;
the colors blue and ivory
foreshadowing The narrative convention that Vonnegut dispenses with
most thoroughly in this book is foreshadowing. He outlines all the events
of Billy’s life before proceeding with the story.
