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Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes.
The phrase “So it goes” follows every mention of death in the novel, equalizing all of them, whether they are natural, accidental, or intentional, and whether they occur on a massive scale or on a very personal one. The phrase reflects a kind of comfort in the Tralfamadorian idea that although a person may be dead in a particular moment, he or she is alive in all the other moments of his or her life, which coexist and can be visited over and over through time travel. At the same time, though, the repetition of the phrase keeps a tally of the cumulative force of death throughout the novel, thus pointing out the tragic inevitability of death.
Vonnegut frames his novel with chapters in which he speaks
in his own voice about his experience of war. This decision indicates
that the fiction has an intimate connection with Vonnegut’s life
and convictions. Once that connection is established, however, Vonnegut backs
off and lets the story of Billy Pilgrim take over. Throughout the
book, Vonnegut briefly inserts himself as a character in the action:
in the latrine at the
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