Dr. Herbert Adams - Dr. Herbert Adams was Wilson's most difficult professor
at Johns Hopkins University. Educated in Germany, Adams believed
in hard work and discipline and pushed Woodrow to develop his academic
skills.
William E. Borah - William E. Borah, a Republican Senator, led the opposition
against Wilson's League of Nations in the Treaty of Versailles.
William Jennings Bryan - William Jennings Bryan ran for President four times
in his lifetime and was defeated four times. He ran on the Populist
Party ticket and the Democratic ticket between the years 1892 and
1908. He advocated printing more money to help impoverished farmers and
eliminating the gold standard
Venustiano Carranza - Venustiano Carranza of the Constitutionalists became
Mexico's president after Victoriano Huerta was deposed in 1915.
His ascendancy spurred Pancho Villa to initiate a second civil
war in which the U.S. became entangled. Carranza's soldiers and
the U.S. Punitive Expedition clashed in Mexico twice before Wilson
recalled the U.S. troops.
Georges Clemenceau - Georges Clemenceau was the Premier of France during
and after World War I. He was a member of the Big Four at the Paris
Peace Conference.
Bainbridge Colby - Bainbridge Colby served as President Wilson's third
Secretary of State towards the end of his second administration.
He and Wilson also established a Washington, D.C., law firm after
Wilson stepped down as President.
James M. Cox - James
M. Cox ran for President of the United States on the Democratic
ticket in 1920. He was defeated by Republican Warren G. Harding.
Eugene V. Debs - Eugene
V. Debs ran for President against Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt,
and William Howard Taft on the Socialist Party ticket in 1912.
After the United States entered World War I, he was imprisoned
under the Sedition Act of 1918 for speaking out against the war.
Lloyd George - Lloyd
George was Great Britain's Prime Minister during and after World
War I. He attended the Paris Peace Conference and was a member
of the Big Four.
Warren G. Harding - Warren G. Harding served as the twenty-ninth President
of the United States. He defeated Democrat James M. Cox in the
election of 1920.
George Harvey - George
Harvey was one of New Jersey's most powerful political voices in
the early 1900s when Wilson ran for governor. Although he was not
a politician himself, he acted behind the scenes and helped Wilson
get elected. He was also the editor of
Harper's Weekly
Magazine.
Col. Edward
M. House - Colonel House became one
of Wilson's most trusted friends and advisors shortly before Wilson
was elected President in 1912.
Victoriano Huerta - Mexico dissolved into civil war shortly after Wilson's
1913 inauguration when Victoriano Huerta seized control of the
nation's government from the Constitutionalists. Tensions between
Mexico and the U.S. culminated in Wilson's seizure of the Mexican port
of Veracruz. Wilson appealed to the ABC powers to arbitrate the
dispute.
Charles Evans Hughes - Charles Evans Hughes ran against Wilson for the Presidency
in 1916 on the Republican ticket. He lost by only twenty-three
votes in the Electoral College.
Hiram W. Johnson - Hiram W. Johnson was a Republican Senator who led
the isolationist opposition to the Treaty of Versailles and the
League of Nations.
Abraham Lincoln - Abraham Lincoln served as the sixteenth President
of the United States. His abolitionist and pro-Northern policies
prompted many Southern politicians to push for secession after
his election to the Presidency in 1860.
Henry Cabot Lodge - Henry Cabot Lodge was a Republican Senator who served
throughout the first decade of the 1900s. During Wilson's second
administration, he supported Wilson's League of Nations in the
Treaty of Versailles, but had many reservations. As Chairman of
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee he led the discussion and debate
on the treaty and League.
William G. McAdoo - William G. McAdoo served as Wilson's Secretary of
the Treasury. He later married Wilson's daughter Eleanor in 1914.
Vittorio Orlando - Vittorio Orlando was the Premier of Italy both during
and after World War I. He was a member of the Big Four at the Paris
Peace Conference in 1918.
General John J. Pershing - General John J. Pershing led the U.S. Punitive Expedition
into Mexico in 1916 in pursuit of former Mexican general Pancho
Villa. A year later, he commanded over 1,200,000 American troops
in France during World War I. He is the only U.S. General to ever
receive five stars.
Edward I. Renick - Edward Renick attended law school at the University
of Virginia with Woodrow Wilson in 1879. In 1882, the two practiced
law together at their new firm "Renick and Wilson" until a lack
of clients forced them out of business.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who later became the thirty-second
President of the United States, served as the Assistant Secretary
of the Navy during World War I.
Theodore Roosevelt - Theodore Roosevelt served as the twenty-sixth President
of the United States from 1901 to 1908.
James Smith, Jr. - James Smith, Jr. was New Jersey's most powerful boss
of the state's Democratic political machine in the early 1900s.
Along with George Harvey, he helped Wilson become governor of the
state in 1910. After Wilson was elected, the two men fought over
political reform.
William Howard Taft - William Taft was a loyal supporter of Roosevelt during
his Presidency, and served as Roosevelt's Governor of the Philippine
Islands and as Secretary of War. He and Roosevelt were steadfast friends.
When Roosevelt refused to run for a third presidential term in
1908, he nominated Taft as the Republican candidate. Taft was elected
as the twenty-seventh President in 1908, defeating William Jennings Bryan.
After Roosevelt returned from Europe and Africa, the two men had
a political disagreement that soon turned into a bitter personal
hatred. They ran against each other in the election of 1912, Taft
as the Republican candidate and Roosevelt as the Bull Moose Party
candidate. They split the Republican Party, allowing Woodrow Wilson
to become President. Taft later served as a U.S. Supreme Court
Justice.
Pancho Villa - General
Pancho Villa of the Mexican army began a civil war when his rival
Venustiano Carranza was named the country's new president in 1915.
To bring the United States into the war, Villa led several raids into
the American Southwest. During his most destructive raid, he killed
nineteen Americans and burned a small town in New Mexico. In response, Wilson
sent General John J. Pershing and the Punitive Expedition into
Mexico in pursuit of Villa, but he was never captured.
George Washington - George Washington served as a General in the American
Continental Army and as the first President of the United States.
Andrew Fleming West - Andrew Fleming West was the Dean of Graduate Studies
at Princeton University while Wilson served as the president of
the same institution. Towards the end of Wilson's tenure as the
university's president, the two men battled over plans to build
a new graduate school. West eventually won.
Edith
Galt Wilson - Edith Galt Wilson was
Woodrow Wilson's second wife. The two married on December 18, 1915. They
had no children together.
Eleanor
Wilson - Eleanor Wilson was born in
1889 and was the last daughter born to Woodrow and Ellen Axson
Wilson. She married William G. McAdoo in the White House on May
7, 1914.
Ellen Axson
Wilson - Ellen Axson Wilson was Woodrow
Wilson's first wife. They met in 1883 and were married two years
later before Wilson entered Johns Hopkins University as a graduate
student. The couple had three children, Margaret, Jessie, and Eleanor.
First Lady Ellen Wilson died on August 6, 1914, from kidney failure
caused by tuberculosis.
Jessie
Woodrow Wilson - Jessie Woodrow was
born in the summer of 1887, and was the second daughter of three
born to Woodrow and Ellen Axson Wilson. She was named for Woodrow
Wilson's mother.
Joseph
Ruggles Wilson - Doctor Joseph Ruggles
Wilson was a prominent Presbyterian minister and educator in the South.
A highly educated man, Dr. Wilson taught his son Thomas Woodrow
as much as he could during the Civil War when formal education
had all but disappeared in the South. The future president also inherited
a strong sense of morality from his father and from the Church.
Margaret Wilson - Margaret Wilson was born on April 16, 1886, and was
Woodrow and Ellen Axson Wilson's first child.
Hattie Woodrow - Hattie
Woodrow was a cousin of Woodrow Wilson's on his mother's side. While
attending law school at the University of Virginia, young Woodrow fell
in love with Hattie and eventually proposed, although she refused.
