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Augustus Carmichael, a sleepy, opium-using poet, is one of the guests at the Ramsay home. As he goes from obscurity to success in his old age, he contributes to the novel’s discussions about art and immortality. Throughout Part I, Mr. Ramsay attempts to discern what it is that grants an artist’s work immortal recognition. Although we cannot know if Carmichael’s work lasts in that fashion, we can gain insight from his success. While Mr. Ramsay is certain of Carmichael’s genius before he becomes famous, his work doesn’t catch on until the zeitgeist surrounding World War I makes his poetry resonate with the general public. He does not actively pursue fame, but rather creates work that is meaningful to him. The only thing that changes about his art between his obscurity and his fame is the public’s reaction. Because he does not seek outside approval, he is free to focus on his writing. Mrs. Ramsay finds his lack of need disturbing, causing her to become overbearing. She assumes Carmichael’s independence and aloofness is the fault of an unloving wife instead of a preference. However, in Part III, Lily realizes the wisdom of his self-possession. His silent thoughtfulness helps her gain the resolve to finish her painting, accepting that she has no control over how others perceive it and allowing the vision to be enough.
