Berlant, Lauren. The Anatomy of National Fantasy: Hawthorne, Utopia, and Everyday Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

James, Henry. Hawthorne. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1997.

Matthiessen, F. O. American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1941.

Mellow, James R. Nathaniel Hawthorne in His Times. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

Rosenthal, Bernard, ed. Critical Essays on Hawthorne’s The House of the Seven Gables. New York: Macmillan Library Reference, 1995.

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